两有限势库内可逆广义机最大广义输出的最优构型  

Optimal configurations for maximizing generalized output of twofinite-potential-reservoir endoreversible generalized engine cycles

作　　者：夏少军[1] 陈林根 冯辉君 XIA ShaoJun;CHEN LinGen;FENG HuiJun(College of Power Engineering,Naval University of Engineering,Wuhan 430033,China;Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering,Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan 430205,China;School of Mechanical&Electrical Engineering,Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan 430205,China)

机构地区：[1]海军工程大学动力工程学院,武汉430033 [2]武汉工程大学热科学与动力工程研究所,武汉430205 [3]武汉工程大学机电工程学院,武汉430205

出　　处：《中国科学：技术科学》2020年第3期276-286,共11页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:51576207,51606218)资助项目。

摘　　要：寻求普适的优化结果是广义热力学优化理论研究的重要目标之一.前人对于热机、化学机、电池做功电路和商业机等循环的动态优化研究均仅限于具体学科的研究对象,研究结论有其独特的学科适用范围,无法揭示这些不同学科内研究对象和研究结论之间的共性规律.本文在回顾现有热力化学循环动态优化研究文献的基础上,基于广义热力学优化理论的研究思路,首先建立了两有限势库内可逆广义机的物理模型,形成了相应的动态优化问题,即在广义位移守恒方程约束下求解广义机循环广义输出最大化及与之对应的循环最优构型.然后,分别应用欧拉-拉格朗日方程和平均最优控制理论导出了普适的优化结果,并基于普适结果得到了广义流率和广义速率间满足3种特定关系时更为简化的优化结果.接着,进一步讨论了上述研究结果和结论在热力循环、等温化学循环、电池做功电路和商业机循环等特例中的应用.最后,提出了不可逆循环"广义热力学动态优化"的研究思想.本文研究丰富和完善了广义热力学优化理论.Universal optimization is a primary objective of the study of generalized thermodynamic optimization theory. Previously, research into dynamic optimization of cyclic processes such as heat engines, chemical engines, battery power circuits, and commercial engines was limited to the research objectives of the specific discipline involved;conclusions were unique to the scope of each application,making it impossible to reveal any commonality between the research objectives and conclusions of these different disciplines.Following a review of the existing literature on dynamic optimization of thermodynamic and chemical cycles, and research into the concept of generalized thermodynamic optimization theory, a physical model of an endoreversible generalized engine with two generalized finite potential reservoirs is established, and the corresponding dynamic optimization problem is formulated solving the generalized output maximization of a generalized engine cycle and its corresponding optimal cycle configuration with the constraint of generalized displacement conservation. Subsequently, universal optimization results are derived applying the Euler-Lagrange equation and average optimal control theory, and simplified optimization results are obtained based on the universal results when generalized flow rate and generalized speed satisfy three specific relationships. Application of the above findings to thermodynamic and isothermal chemical cycles, battery power circuits, and commercial engine cycles is discussed and the concept of generalized thermodynamic dynamic optimization for irreversible cycles is proposed. The work in this paper enriches and completes the generalized thermodynamic optimization theory.

关 键 词：广义热力学优化 内可逆有限势库广义机循环 广义输出最大化 最优构型 热力循环 化学机循环 电池做功电路 商业机 

分 类 号：TK123[动力工程及工程热物理—工程热物理]