长期施用磷肥水稻土微生物量磷的季节变化特征与差异  

Seasonal Variation and Differences of Microbial Biomass Phosphorus in Paddy Soils Under Long-Term Application of Phosphorus Fertilizer

作　　者：刘凯 刘佳[3] 陈晓芬 李委涛 江春玉[1,2] 吴萌 樊剑波[1] 李忠佩 刘明 LIU Kai;LIU Jia;CHEN XiaoFen;LI WeiTao;JIANG ChunYu;WU Meng;FAN JianBo;LI ZhongPei;LIU Ming(Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Nanjing 210008;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Soil and Fertilizer&Resources and Environment Institute,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering&Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement,Nanchang 330200)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所/土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心,南昌330200

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2020年第7期1411-1418,共8页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0301104);国家自然科学基金青年基金(41201242);“一三五”计划和领域前沿项目(ISSASIP1642)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究长期不同施肥处理下,水稻不同生育时期土壤微生物量磷的动态变化与差异,揭示其变化特征与土壤磷素供应的关系。【方法】以长期试验小区为平台,设置对照(CK)、氮钾肥(NK)、氮磷肥(NP)、氮磷钾肥(NPK)等4个不同施肥处理,在水稻的分蘖期、孕穗期、灌浆期、完熟期分别采集0—20 cm土层土壤,测定土壤全磷、有效磷、微生物量磷和酸性磷酸酶活性。【结果】与不施磷肥处理(CK、NK)相比,施磷肥处理(NP、NPK)显著提高了土壤全磷和有效磷含量,增幅分别达88%—118%和337%—903%。不同施肥处理对微生物量磷具有显著影响,除分蘖期外,施磷肥处理(NP、NPK)微生物量磷含量显著高于不施磷肥处理(CK、NK),提高了103%—250%;微生物量磷的季节变化呈先上升后下降的趋势,在灌浆期达到最高。酸性磷酸酶活性以NK处理灌浆期最高,比CK高38%;同时,该处理微生物量磷的周转率最大,每个生育期内可循环1.31次。相关性分析表明,土壤微生物量磷与土壤全磷和有效磷显著正相关。【结论】微生物量磷随不同施肥处理和水稻生育时期变化规律明显,与土壤磷有效性密切相关。【Objective】The seasonal dynamics of microbial biomass phosphorus(MBP)in paddy soils under long-term different fertilization treatments were studied to reveal the relationship between the variation characteristics and soil phosphorus supply.【Method】Taking the long-term experimental plot as a platform,four different fertilization treatments,including CK,NK,NP and NPK,were set up to collect 0-20 cm soil layer at tillering stage,booting stage,filling stage and full ripe stage of rice,respectively,and to determine soil total phosphorus(TP),available phosphorus(AP),acid phosphatase(ACP)activity and MBP.【Result】Compared with CK and NK treatments,NP and NPK treatments significantly increased the contents of TP and AP in soil,with an increase of 88%-118%and 337%-903%,respectively.MBP was significantly affected by fertilization treatment,and was significantly higher in phosphate fertilization treatment than in non-phosphate fertilization treatment,NP and NPK treatments increased 103%-250%in the whole growth period(except tillering stage)compared with CK and NK treatments;seasonal variation of MBP showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing and reached the highest level in the filling stage of rice in all fertilization treatments.The activity of acid phosphatase in NK treatment was the highest at grain filling stage,38%higher than that under CK.At the same time,the turnover rate of microbial biomass phosphorus under this treatment was the highest,which could be recycled 1.31 times in the whole growth period.The correlation analysis showed that soil microbial biomass P was positively correlated with soil total P and available P.【Conclusion】The variation of microbial biomass phosphorus with different fertilization treatments and rice growth period was obvious,which was closely related to soil phosphorus availability.

关 键 词：长期施肥 磷肥 微生物量磷 水稻土 季节变化 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]