喷灌条件下耕作方式对土壤水分均匀性与冬小麦水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of Tillage Methods on Soil Moisture Uniformity and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat Under Sprinkler Irrigation

作　　者：刘文涛 安振 张梦坤 朱树伟 李耕[1] 高天平 刘振[1] 宁堂原[1] LIU Wentao;AN Zhen;ZHANG Mengkun;ZHU Shuwei;LI Geng;GAO Tianping;LIU Zhen;NING Tangyuan(State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-Tolerant Germplasm Improvement,Ministry of Agriculture,College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018)

机构地区：[1]作物生物学国家重点实验室,农业部作物水分生理与抗旱种质改良重点实验室,山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2020年第3期282-290,共9页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503121-05);山东省2017年度农业重大应用技术创新项目。

摘　　要：为研究喷灌均匀系数对土壤水分、作物产量及水分利用效率的影响,进一步探讨喷灌条件下适宜耕作措施,于2018—2019年冬小麦生长季进行试验,试验设置旋耕(RT)、深松(ST)、深翻耕(CT)3种耕作处理,在每个处理选取18 m×18 m区域将其划分为9个6 m×6 m的小区作为试验区。结果表明:在3种耕作方式下历次喷灌均匀系数均值在63.91%~76.83%,而表层土壤含水量均匀系数均值依然可以达到84.20%~89.83%,较前者高14.48%~31.75%;冬小麦产量均匀系数较历次灌溉均匀系数均值高出9.99%~23.79%,比累计灌溉均匀系数低2.11%~7.85%,与表层土壤含水量均匀系数均值相差0.82%~6.04%。与RT相比,ST和CT处理产量分别提高9.38%,13.22%,水分利用效率分别增加10.61%,12.88%。即相较于历次灌溉均匀系数,冬小麦产量均匀系数受累计灌溉均匀系数与表层土壤含水量均匀系数均值影响更大,且ST、CT为该灌溉条件下适宜的耕作方式。The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sprinkler irrigation uniformity coefficient(CU)on soil moisture,crop yield and water use efficiency,and to explore the suitable tillage patterns under sprinkler irrigation conditions.Field experiments,which included rotary tillage(RT),subsoiling(ST)and conventional tillage(CT),were conducted during the winter wheat growing season in 2018-2019 with three plots of 18 m×18 m.Each plot was subdivided into 9 subplots of 6 m×6 m.The results showed that the average CU of sprinkler irrigation varied between 63.91%~76.83%,while the CU of soil moisture varied between 84.20%~89.83%,which were 14.48%~31.75%higher than the former.The CU of winter wheat yield were 9.99%~23.79%higher than the average CU of sprinkler irrigation,2.11%~7.85%lower than the cumulative irrigation CU,and 0.82%~6.04%different from the averaged values of soil moisture CU.Compared with RT treatment,the yield of winter wheat in ST and CT treatments increased by 9.38%and 13.22%,respectively,and the water use efficiency increased by 10.61%and 12.88%,respectively.That was,compared with the sprinkler irrigation CU,the CU of winter wheat yield were more affected by those of the cumulative irrigation CU and the averaged values of soil moisture CU.ST and CT treatments were the suitable farming method under the sprinkler irrigation condition.

关 键 词：喷灌 均匀系数 土壤含水量 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S275.5[农业科学—农业水土工程] S157.42[农业科学—农业工程]