矿山载/蓄冷功能性充填基础理论  

Basic theory of cold load and storage functional backfill in mining

作　　者：王美[1,2] 刘浪 张波[1,2] 张小艳[1,2] 郇超 赵玉娇[1,2] 屠冰冰[3] WANG Mei;LIU Lang;ZHANG Bo;ZHANG Xiaoyan;HUAN Chao;ZHAO Yujiao;TU Bingbing(Energy School,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;Key Laboratory of Western Mines and Hazards Prevention,Ministry of Education of China,Xi’an 710054,China;Science School,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学能源学院,陕西西安710054 [2]教育部西部矿井开采及灾害防治重点实验室,陕西西安710054 [3]西安科技大学理学院,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2020年第4期1336-1347,共12页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51904224,51674188);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目(2018JQ5183)。

摘　　要：深井热害是矿产资源开采面临的重大问题,为改善矿井降温效果、提高冷量利用效率,提出了一种结合深井降温需求与充填采矿特点的载/蓄冷功能性充填降温方法,与传统矿井降温方式相比,该方法省去了井下空气调节末端装置和载冷介质输送系统,并营造出采场整体低温环境,其经济和安全效益明显。制定了载/蓄冷功能性充填的总体实施方案,包括材料制备、充填料浆输运、充填体相变降温、充填体固结强化4个阶段。材料制备与配方优化方面提出了以料浆的流动特性,充填体的传热特性,充填体的力学强度特性为三大约束条件的优化目标;在充填体相变降温方面建立了基于焓法模型、多孔介质模型和水化放热模型的载/蓄冷相变充填体瞬态相变传热模型,并以实验验证了该相变传热模型的准确性,应用该模型计算了井下条件中载/蓄冷相变充填体相变过程中的温度和液相率随时间变化的分布特征,对比初始液相率和料浆浓度2个影响因素,计算分析得出影响降温的主要因素为初始液相率;在充填料浆输运方面,实验表明随着初始液相率减小,含冰量增加,屈服应力与塑性黏性系数均增加,采用宾汉模型以及实验测试出的屈服应力与塑性黏性系数,得出了预测工程实际中管道输运剪切应力特性的计算公式;在充填体强度方面,实验表明抗压强度与含冰量之间的关系呈现出阶段性特征,随初始液相率从100%降低到临界值,强度逐渐增加,当初始液相率低于临界值,强度随初始液相率降低而降低,对不同阶段的特征分析了各阶段占优的影响因素及影响机制。Heat damage in deep mine is an important problem for mineral resources exploitation.To improve the effect of mine cooling and the utilization efficiency of cooling capacity,a cooling method by applying cold load and storage functional backfill for deep mine,which based on the consideration of the cooling demand in deep mine and the characteristics of backfill mining,was proposed in this paper.Compared with the traditional method of mine cooling,this method eliminates the terminal device of underground air conditioning system and the conveying system of cold load medium,and creates the overall low-temperature environment of the stope,with obvious economic and safety benefits.The overall implementation plan had been formulated which consists of four stages,filling material preparation,slurry transportation,phase change and cooling of backfill and consolidation strengthening of backfill.In the aspect of material preparation and formulation optimization,the three constraint conditions which were chosen as the optimization goals are the flow characteristics of slurry,the heat transfer characteristics of backfill and the mechanical strength characteristics of backfill.In the aspect of phase change cooling of backfill,a phase change heat transfer model based on the enthalpy model,porous medium model and hydration heat releasing model was established and verified experimentally.By using this model,the distribution characteristics of temperature and liquid phase ratio changing with time during the phase change process of cold load and storage backfill in underground conditions were calculated.By comparing the two influencing factors of initial liquid phase ratio and slurry concentration,it was calculated and concluded that the main influencing factor of cooling is the initial liquid phase ratio.In the aspect of filling slurry transportation,the experiment showed that with the decrease of the initial liquid phase ratio,the ice content increases,the yield stress and the plastic viscosity coefficient both increase.The Bingha

关 键 词：深井降温 充填采矿 相变传热 料浆输运 强度 

分 类 号：TD823.7[矿业工程—煤矿开采]