不同火烧强度迹地林下灌草层物种多样性及其与土壤因子的关系  

Relationship of Shurbs and Herbs Species Diversity under Different Fire Intensities with Soil Factors

作　　者：陈小雪 李红丽[1] 董智[1] 王强 陈鹏 李锡杰 CHEN Xiaoxue;LI Hongli;DONG Zhi;WANG Qiang;CHEN Peng;LI Xijie(Forestry College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China;2Shandong Forestry Foreign Investment and Project Management Station, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China;3Natural Resources Bureau of Huancui Area, Weihai, Shandong 264200, China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学林学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省林业外资与工程项目管理站,山东济南250014 [3]威海市环翠区自然资源局,山东威海264200

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2020年第1期130-140,共11页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：山东省林业科技创新项目(LYCX03-2018-17);欧洲投资银行贷款山东沿海防护林工程项目监测与评价(SCSFP-JP)。

摘　　要：为揭示胶东丘陵区麻栎黑松混交林过火后林下灌丛群落结构和多样性变化,探究群落物种分布和多样性指数与土壤因子之间的相互关系,该研究以威海仙姑顶中度、轻度、未过火林地为研究对象,对不同火烧强度林地进行土壤的定量分析和植物物种多样性调查,并运用典范对应分析法(CCA)和冗余分析法(RDA)进行排序,以明确影响不同火烧迹地林下灌丛群落物种多样性的关键土壤因子。结果表明:(1)各林地丰富度、多样性、均匀度指数在群落垂直方向上均表现为草本层大于灌木层。灌木层丰富度、多样性、均匀度指数均随火烧强度的增加先升后降,轻度火烧达到最大值,是灌丛群落特征变化的关键转折期;草本层Patrick、Shannon-Wiener和Simpson指数逐渐降低,Margalef指数先降低后微弱上升,均在未过火林地达到最大值,均匀度指数各林地无显著差别(P>0.05)。(2)未过火与中度火烧地之间的Morista-Horn指数在灌木层、草本层和灌草层中均为最小,β多样性最高,林下物种组成差别迥异;轻度与中度火烧地在灌木层次上物种异质性较高,未过火与轻度火烧地在草本层次上拥有较高异质性的物种更替。(3)中度和轻度火烧地林下灌丛群落大致均可分为3个类群,未过火林下灌丛植物疏离分散,则未形成类群;中度火烧影响植物物种多样性的正向主要因子为碳氮比(C/N),逆向主要因子为全磷(TP)、全钾(TK);轻度火烧正向因子为氮磷比(N/P),逆向因子为pH;未过火林地物种多样性受多种土壤因子的共同作用。(4)火烧提高了林下灌丛群落物种更替速率,增加了灌木层物种多样性,降低了草本层物种多样性,轻度火烧地的物种丰富度水平较高,火烧迹地影响群落物种多样性的因子既有相似性又存在差异性,TK和TP是火烧迹地物种多样性的共同影响因子,磷(P)是火烧迹地物种多样性的共同限制性元素。In order to reveal the changes of undergrowth shrubs and herbs community structure and diversity after fire of mixed Pinus thunbergii-Quercus acutissima forests understory plant community and explore the relationship between community species distribution and diversity index and soil factors in Jiaodong Hilly Area,we took medium fire,low fire and unburned forest in Weihai burned area as research object.Quantitative soil analysis and plant species diversity surveys were conducted on different fire-soiled forests,and the canonical correspondence analysis(CCA)and redundant analysis(RDA)were used to sort and compare the diversity of shrub plants under different fire-burning areas.The main soil factors affecting the species diversity of understory shrub communities in different fire areas were also explored.The results show that:(1)the richness,diversity and evenness index of all forestlands presented as herb layer>shrub layer in the vertical direction of the community.The richness,diversity and evenness index of shrub layer rose firstly and then decreased with the increase of fire intensity,reaching the maximum value in the low fire.It is the key transitional period of shrub community characteristic change.The herb layer Patrick,Shannon-Wiener and Simpson index gradually decreased,and the Margalef index firstly decreased and then slightly increased,reaching the maximum value in the unburned forest,and the evenness index showed no significant difference among the woodlands(P>0.05).(2)The Morista-Horn index between unburned and medium fire was the smallest in shrub layer,herbaceous layer and shrub layer,with the highestβ-diversity,and different composition of undergrowth species.Low and medium fire had higher heterogeneity at shrub level,while unburned and low fire had higher heterogeneity at herb level.(3)Medium fire and low fire understory shrubs and herbs communities can be roughly divided into three groups.The shrub layer and herbaceous layer plants under unburned forest scattered without forming a community.The m

关 键 词：麻栎黑松混交林 火烧强度 植物物种多样性 土壤因子 典范对应分析(CCA) 冗余分析(RDA) 

分 类 号：Q948.112.9[生物学—植物学] S718.51[农业科学—林学]