高等教育质量保障规制体制的理想类型、变革趋势与启示  

The ideal types,reform trends and enlightenment of highereducation quality assurance regulation system

作　　者：姚荣 YAO Rong(Institute of Higher Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学高等教育研究所,上海200062

出　　处：《高校教育管理》2020年第2期71-84,共14页Journal of Higher Education Management

基　　金：国家社科基金教育学青年课题(CIA180271)。

摘　　要：长期以来,高等教育质量保障有赖于学术自治与自律机制的建立,受同行评议机制与声誉机制的控制。然而,受高等教育规模扩张与国家政治经济体制变革的影响,这种传统的学术自我规制体系能否保障与提高高等教育质量开始受到广泛的质疑。以学术界利益为旨归的私人规制体制、风险与标准导向的市场型规制体制以及基于绩效责任逻辑的政府规制体制三种类型的高等教育质量保障规制体制先后确立。三种规制体制在规制标准的制定、信息搜集以及行为矫正机制等规制要素方面具有迥异的规制逻辑与特征。规制实践的经验表明,倾向于自我规制与国家规制的规制体制均存在缺陷。基于学术自由与公共利益辩证统一的诉求,三种规制体制均开始强调自治与法治、自律与他律的有机整合,并呈现出合作规制的变革趋势。中国高等教育质量保障规制体制的变革应立足于法治的原则、思维和方式,增强政府公权力的法治规约,以实现国家监督与大学自主之间的合作与平衡。For a long time,the quality assurance of higher education relies on the establishment of academic autonomy and self-discipline mechanism,and is controlled by peer review mechanism and reputation mechanism.However,due to the scale expansion of higher education and the transformation of national political and economic system,that this traditional academic self-regulation system can guarantee and improve the quality of higher education has begun to be widely questioned.Three types of higher education quality assurance regulatory systems including the private regulation system aiming for the interests of the academic community,the market-based regulation system based on risk and standards,and the government regulation system based on the performance responsibility logic have been established in succession.These three regulatory systems have different regulatory logic and characteristics in terms of formulation of regulatory standards,information gathering and behavioral correction mechanisms.The experience of regulatory practice shows that there are flaws in the regulatory system that tends to self-regulation and state regulation.Based on the appeal for the dialectical unity of academic freedom and public interests,all three regulatory systems have begun to emphasize the organic integration of autonomy and the rule of law,self-discipline and heteronomy,and present a trend of change in cooperative regulation.The reform of China′s higher education quality assurance regulation system should be on the principles,thinking,and methods of the rule of law,and strengthen the rule of law governing public power in order to achieve cooperation and balance between national supervision and university autonomy.

关 键 词：高等教育质量保障 私人规制体制 市场型规制体制 政府规制体制 合作规制 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]