2011年春、夏、秋三季莱州湾浮游植物群落演替及其与主要中上层鱼类资源密度的关系  

Phytoplankton community succession and its relationship with the density distribution of major pelagic fishes in Laizhou Bay

作　　者：栾青杉[1,2] 吴强 LUAN Qingshan;WU Qiang(Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室,海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2020年第5期547-558,共12页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0900901).

摘　　要：于2011年5―10月对莱州湾渔业资源与栖息环境进行了6个航次的逐月大面调查,研究了春末至秋中网采浮游植物群落结构的演替,并利用广义可加模型分析了其与主要小型中上层鱼类资源密度的关系。共记录浮游植物33属78种,总丰度在春、秋季各出现1个峰值,分别为265×10~4 ind/m^3和111×10~4 ind/m^3。春末夏初优势种主要为具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata)和夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans),夏中至秋中圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus)、角毛藻(Chaetoceros)、角藻(Tripos)和原多甲藻(Protoperidinium)属逐渐形成优势。夏末至秋中,物种丰富度、多样性和均匀度皆呈现上升的趋势。将环境和浮游植物群落指标作为解释变量逐步优化后的广义可加终模型,对4种鱼类CPUE总偏差的累积解释率达到了76.5%,月份、海表温度、夜光藻丰度、圆筛藻丰度、甲/硅藻比5个预测变量皆达到显著水平以上,甲/硅藻比的升高对渔业资源密度分布表现出正向的作用。结果表明,莱州湾浮游植物群落长期演变后的类群结构和丰度水平,对鱼类群落结构及其资源量现状的可持续性有着积极的意义。本研究为深入探讨渔业种群关键栖息地早期补充和食物网过程的影响因素,从浮游植物饵料基础变动的角度提供了数据资料和科学依据。Six surveys were carried out to investigate the fishery resources and their habitat environments from May to October 2011 in the Laizhou Bay.Phytoplankton samples were collected using a standard vertical towing net(mesh size 77μm),followed by the addition of formalin(approximately 5%final concentration in each sample)for preservation.Habitat environment was measured in situ with a Multiparameter Sondes(YSI 6600).Phytoplankton species identification and cell enumeration were performed with an optical microscope.Phytoplankton community succession from spring to fall was clarified and its relationship with the density of major pelagic fishes was revealed by generalized additive models(GAM).A total of 33 genera and 78 taxa were recorded,with diatoms and dinoflagellates accounting for 85.9%and 14.1%in the total taxa numbers,respectively.Most of the species were eurythermal,and some were warm-temperate ecotypes,such as Chaetoceros brevis,Guinardia flaccida,Proboscia indica,and Rhizosolenia styliformis.Others were warm-water and oceanic species,such as C.lorenzianus and Coscinodiscus excentricus.Two abundance peaks formed in the spring and fall seasons,with the values of 265×10~4 and 111×10~4 ind/m^3,respectively.Monthly abundance from May to October was 265×10~4,53.1×10~4,27.1×10~4,27.7×10~4,111×10~4,and 92.9×10~4 ind/m^3,respectively,with the diatoms accounting for 80.8%,76%,54.5%,87.8%,86.6%,and 68.7%.The monthly averaged ratios of dinoflagellate to diatoms abundance was 1.15,1.13,2.54,0.23,0.17,and 1.42,peaking in July.The dominant taxa were Paralia sulcata and Noctiluca scintillans from late spring to early summer,Coscinodiscus,Chaetoceros,Tripos,and Protoperidinium from middle summer to middle fall.Monthly Coscinodiscus abundance during May to October was 80.7×10~3,31.8×10~3,124×10~3,219×10~3,398×10~3,and 188×10~3 ind/m^3,respectively,with the diatoms accounting for 32.7%,18.7%,34.8%,51.7%,49.3%,and 32.3%.Chaetoceros abundance during May to October was 4.54×10~3,8.57×10~3,19.9×10~3,22.4×10~3,250

关 键 词：浮游植物 群落演替 中上层鱼类 莱州湾 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]