基于生物质单宁的低甲醛释放量酚醛泡沫制备与性能  

Preparation and Performances of Phenolic Foam with Low Formaldehyde Emission based on Biomass Tannin

作　　者：姜兆欣 陈嘉兴 张先行 柳翱[1] 赵宝华[1] 夏艳[1] 侯瑞斌[1] 李东风[1] Jiang Zhaoxin;Chen Jiaxing;Zhang Xianxing;Liu Ao;Zhao Baohua;Xia Yan;Hou Ruibin;Li Dongfeng(School of Chemistry and Life Science,Changchun University of Technology,Changchun 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]长春工业大学化学与生命科学学院,长春130012

出　　处：《工程塑料应用》2020年第5期137-142,共6页Engineering Plastics Application

基　　金：吉林省科技厅重点科技研发项目(20180201029SF)。

摘　　要：利用生物质单宁取代部分苯酚,定量尿素作为甲醛捕捉剂,制备了单宁改性可发泡酚醛树脂,然后以硫酸与对甲苯磺酸混合酸作为固化剂,正戊烷为发泡剂,制备了单宁改性酚醛泡沫。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对树脂结构进行了表征,依据GB/T 30694–2014检测了不同单宁用量对酚醛泡沫甲醛释放量的影响,使用电子万能试验机和极限氧指数(LOI)仪检测了不同单宁用量对酚醛泡沫力学性能和阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,改性酚醛泡沫pH为6;当加入的单宁用量为苯酚质量的3%时,改性酚醛泡沫甲醛释放量最低为1.1875 mg/L,达到了人造板E1标准,泡沫压缩强度为0.2166 MPa,冲击强度为2.81 kJ/m^2,粉化率低至2.01%,LOI达到37%,其综合性能最好。相对于纯酚醛泡沫,单宁改性酚醛泡沫的力学性能有所提升,脆性明显改善,阻燃性能显著提高。Biomass tannin was used to replace part of phenol,urea was used as formaldehyde trapping agent,foamable phenolic resins modified by tannin were prepared.Then the mixed acid of sulfuric acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid was used as curing agent and n-pentane was used as foaming agent,phenolic foams modified by tannin were prepared.The structure of the resin was characterized by FTIR and ~1H–NMR,the effects of tannin content on the formaldehyde emission of phenolic foam was detected by GB/T 30694–2014,the effects of tannin content on the mechanical properties and flame retardancy of phenolic foam were tested using an electronic universal testing machine and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) meter.The results show that the pH of the modified phenolic foam is about 6,when the content of tannin added is 3% of the mass of phenol,the minimum formaldehyde emission of phenolic foam is 1.1875 mg/L,which meets the E1 standard of wood-based panels,and the compression strength is 0.2166 MPa,the impact strength is 2.81 kJ/m^2,the pulverization rate is as low as 2.01%,and the LOI is 37%,its comprehensive performance is the best.Compared with pure phenolic foam,the mechanical properties of tannin-modified phenolic foam are improved,and the brittleness is significantly improved and the flame retardancy is improved obviously.

关 键 词：酚醛泡沫 改性 单宁 尿素 甲醛释放量 

分 类 号：TQ323.1[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业] TQ328.2