基因编辑系统CRISPR/Cas9在作物基因工程育种中的应用  

Application of Genome Editing System CRISPR/Cas9 in Crop Genetic Engineering Breeding

作　　者：王亦学[1] 郝曜山[1] 张欢欢[1] 孙毅[1] WANG Yixue;HAO Yaoshan;ZHANG Huanhuan;SUN Yi(Research Center of Biotechnology,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taiyuan 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院生物技术研究中心,山西太原030031

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2020年第5期826-830,共5页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：转基因作物新品种培育科技重大专项(2016ZX08003);山西省农业科学院农业科技创新研究课题(YCX2018425)。

摘　　要：作为传统基因工程育种技术,转基因技术在作物分子育种工作中由于其自身的技术原因存在一定的局限性。而基因编辑技术的出现为作物的遗传改良和基因功能的研究提供了新的思路与途径,目前,应用最为广泛的基因编辑技术是CRISPR/Cas9系统,其主要由sgRNA和Cas9蛋白组成,Cas9蛋白在sgRNA的引导下对目标基因进行编辑。简要介绍了基因编辑技术的发展历程以及CRISPR/Cas9系统的结构组成、工作机制、技术优势及其在作物基因工程育种中的应用进展,这可为开展这一领域工作的研究提供有益参考。As a traditional genetic engineering breeding technology,transgenic technology has some limitations in the molecular breeding of crops due to its own technical reasons.The emergence of genome editing technology provides new ideas and approaches for research on genetic improvement and gene function of crops.Currently,the most widely used genome editing technology is CRISPR/Cas9 system,which is mainly composed of sgRNA and Cas9 protein.Cas9 protein edits target genes under the guidance of sgRNA.In this review,we briefly introduced the development process of genome editing technology,structure composition,the working principle,technical advantages and application progress of CRISPR/Cas9 system in crop genetic engineering breeding,which would provide useful references for the research in this field.

关 键 词：基因编辑技术 CRISPR/Cas9 基因工程育种 应用 

分 类 号：Q943.2[生物学—植物学]