牧草作物中氰化物的研究进展  

The Research Progress of Cyanogenic Glucosides(CNglcs)in Forage Crops

作　　者：付丽平 刘璐 陈旺 吕鑫 王乾坤 刘全兰 王家林 Fu Liping;Liu Lu;Chen Wang;Lv Xin;Wang Qiankun;Liu Quanlan;Wang Jialin(College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering,Qingdao University of Science&Technology,Qingdao 266042,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛科技大学海洋科学与生物工程学院,山东青岛266042

出　　处：《草学》2020年第2期4-10,共7页Journal of Grassland and Forage Science

基　　金：国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22);国家十二五科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD17B04)资助。

摘　　要：生菁糖苷植物因其释放的高浓度氰化物而引起关注。本文综述了牧草中生菁糖苷的常见种类、毒性和其他作用,总结了通过无或低氢氰酸牧草选育、水浸泡、磨碎、加热蒸煮、适量饲喂、微生物发酵等方法来避免或减轻氰化物的毒性。本文还总结了生菁糖苷和氰化物在牧草组织中呈现出动态变化的特征:高粱牧草中叶的浓度最高,其次是叶鞘,含量最少的是根;百脉根的幼苗和成熟植株顶端叶中浓度较高,根和种子里没有检测到;箭筈豌豆种子中检测到的含量最高,其次是花中,但叶子、茎和根中含量甚微。可见,牧草中氰化物变化规律的研究将有利于牧草更稳更好的发展。The use of plant contained cyanogenic glucosides(CNglcs)as a livestock forage crop is limited due to the release of hydrogen cyanide(HCN)upon plant tissue damage.This paper summarized recent studies on the polymorphism,toxicity,other functions,detoxification,and distribution patterns of CNglcs in forage crops.Major methods were suggested to remove CNglcs from forage crop.For example,forage low or no in CNglcs is favored.Detoxification of forage high in CNglcs,by repeated soaking in water,cooking,exposure to evaporate and/or bacterial fermentation is sufficient.The CNglcs is distributed in different tissues.For example,in Sorghum bicolor,the CNglcs were the highest in leaves and moderately in sheaths and the lowest in root.In Lotus japonicus,the CNglcs were the highest in young seedlings and in apical leaves of mature plants and were not detected in roots and seeds.In common vetch(Vicia sativa),The CNglcs were detected abundantly in seeds and moderately in flowers,but only slightly in leaves,stems and roots.Therefore,the research of CNglcs in forage will be helpful in the safety development of sustainable animal husbandry.

关 键 词：牧草 生菁糖苷 HCN 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]