川西北典型牧业县牧户受教育程度与放牧强度空间差异成因分析  

Analysis on the Causes of the Spatial Difference between the Education Level and Grazing Intensity of Herdsmen in Typical Pastoral Counties of Northwest Sichuan

作　　者：冯俊人 许泽俊 石福孙[2] 孙飞达[1] 陈晓霞 张蔡斌 曹金凤 Feng Junren;Xu Zejun;Shi Fusun;Sun Feida;Chen Xiaoxia;Zhang Caibin;Cao Jinfeng(College of Animal Science and Technology,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Chengdu Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学动物科技学院,四川成都611130 [2]中国科学院成都生物研究所,四川成都610041

出　　处：《草学》2020年第2期80-86,共7页Journal of Grassland and Forage Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501805);四川省教育厅重点项目(17ZA0320)资助。

摘　　要：基于2016年川西北5个典型牧业县草食家畜数量及草场面积、生产力水平的实际,通过入户访谈、村社会议、问卷调查等方法对放牧强度空间与牧户受教育程度差异性原因进行分析。结果表明:(1)放牧强度划分为3个梯度:低强度(小于4.50羊单位/hm^2)、中强度(4.50~7.50羊单位/hm^2)和高强度(>7.50羊单位/hm^2)。(2)放牧强度与牧民户主的受教育程度间差异显著(P<0.05),在高放牧强度下牧民高中学历和大学学历的比例仅占到5%和7%,而中低放牧强度下均占到10%以上。(3)不同放牧强度下牦牛数量远大于绵羊,母羊比例在30%~60%之间,母牛比例在50%左右,高放牧强度下牦牛的繁殖率最低。(4)高放牧强度下,绵羊、牦牛出栏时间均比中、低放牧强度高(P<0.05);牦牛出栏率较中、低放牧强度低(P<0.05)。Based on livestock population,grazing intensity and the proportion of female livestock of five typical animal husbandry counties of Aba Tibetan Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of northwest Sichuan in 2016.The methods of door-to-door interviewing,village meeting and questionnaires were adopted,firstly,the spatial distribution patterns of livestock were established with the method of spatialization of attribute data,then the spatial distribution characteristics of yak and sheep and the reason for the difference in education level of herdsmen were analyzed.The results showed that the grazing intensity was divided into 3 gradients as follows,low intensity was at<4.50 SU·bhm-2,medium intensity was at 4.50~7.50 SU·bhm-2,high intensity was at>7.50 sheep unit·bhm-2 level.Secondly,the difference between grazing intensity and herdsmen’s education level was significant,ratios of high school education and college education were 5%and 7%respectively under high grazing intensity,while ratios of these were both over 10%under medium and low grazing intensity.Additionally,the amount of yaks was greater than the amount of sheep under different grazing intensity,the proportion of female sheep was between 30%and 60%,and the proportion of female yaks was about 50%,meanwhile,reproduction rate of yaks under high grazing intensity was the lowest.Furthermore,the slaughter time of sheep and yaks under high grazing intensity was longer than that under medium and low grazing intensity(P<0.05),while the slaughter rate of yaks under high grazing intensity was lower than that under medium and low grazing intensity(P<0.05).

关 键 词：川西北草原 放牧强度 家庭受教育程度 畜种结构 放牧管理 

分 类 号：S81[农业科学—畜牧学]