液氨卧罐泄漏气云的形成及事故后果分析  

Formation of leakage cloud in horizontal liquid ammonia tank and accidental consequence analysis

作　　者：何娟霞 周冬梅 刘磊 周琪勇 李春花 马野 HE Juan-xia;ZHOU Dong-mei;LIU Lei;ZHOU Qi-yong;LI Chun-hua;MA Ye(School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学资源环境与材料学院,广西南宁530004 [2]华南理工大学材料科学与工程学院,广东广州510641

出　　处：《广西大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第2期369-377,共9页Journal of Guangxi University（Natural Science Edition）

基　　金：广西科技厅重点研发计划(桂科AB16380288)。

摘　　要：根据液氨卧罐结构及泄漏闪蒸导致罐压变化,考虑液氨泄漏的动力学和热力学特征,修正了液氨卧罐纯液体泄漏模型。同时对液氨泄漏过程及机理进行分析,总结了气云的形成过程和影响因素。最后以某液氨卧罐为例分析了不同泄漏形式的事故后果。结果表明:纯液体泄漏速率Qm随罐内液面高度h的下降而减小,且其变化主要依赖罐内外压差,泄漏孔距罐底高度h1对Qm的影响可忽略。纯气体泄漏速率Qm′最大、气云形成速度最快、扩散影响范围最广,事故后果较纯液体泄漏和两相流泄漏严重。Based on the structure of horizontal liquid ammonia tank and the changes of tank pressure caused by leakage and flash,the pure liquid leakage model of horizontal liquid ammonia tank was modified when the dynamics and thermodynamics characteristics of liquid ammonia leakage was considered.Meanwhile,the formation process and influencing factors of gas cloud are summarized after the process and mechanism of liquid ammonia leakage were analyzed.Finally,a horizontal liquid ammonia tank was taken as an example,the accidental consequences of different leakage forms were analyzed.The results show that the pure liquid leakage rate Qm decreases as the liquid level height h reduces,which mainly depends on pressure changes between inside and outside tank.The influence of the vertical distance from the leakage hole to tank bottom h1 on Qm can be ignored.Compared with pure liquid leakage and two-phase flow leakage,the pure gas leakage rate Qm′is the largest,its gas cloud formation rate is the fastest,thus the dispersion influence range is the widest and the accidental consequence is more serious.

关 键 词：液氨泄漏 纯液体修正模型 气云 泄漏速率 扩散影响 

分 类 号：X937[环境科学与工程—安全科学]