农业文化遗产旅游地不同类型农户的农地利用行为演变分异——以哈尼梯田为例  

Evolution Disparities of Agricultural Land Use Behavior of Different Types of Farmers in Agricultural Heritage Tourism Destinations--A Case Study of Hani Terraces

作　　者：张爱平 ZHANG Aiping(Department of Tourism Management,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225127,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学旅游系,江苏扬州225127 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2020年第4期51-63,共13页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“农业文化遗产旅游地农户生计变迁与农地利用行为演变研究”(41801123);教育部人文社科基金项目“农业文化遗产地旅游社区生计类型分化及贫困异质性研究”(17YJCZH236);江苏省高校哲学社科基金项目“农业文化遗产旅游对农户生计的影响效应与机理研究”(2017SJB1163)共同资助。

摘　　要：农户生计多样化与维持传统农业生产之间的矛盾是当前农业文化遗产保护的核心问题,旅游发展被认为是弥合二者关系的有效路径。遗产旅游地农户生计与农地利用问题的研究,可从实践层面揭示旅游发展环境下农户生计变化对农业生产的影响。文章基于元阳县12个村寨401家农户的研究表明:(1)劳动力就业呈现非农化转移,农户生计由此分化形成务农主导、务工主导、均衡兼营、旅游参与、旅游主导5种发展类型;(2)非农化发展总体上对农地保护与利用形成负面影响,对旱地的利用变化主要表现在种植结构上,对水梯田的利用变化则表现在弃耕撂荒、农地流转、劳动力投入等多个方面;(3)不同类型农户的农地利用行为改变存在差异,生计旅游化转型的农户其传统农业生产维持不及留守务农农户,劳动力投入与省工性的物质要素投入行为改变明显,但在农地保有与劳动力投入方面优于外出务工农户;(4)旅游的弥合效应与遗产保护学界的理论构想存在差异,研究区弥合效应仅在旅游从业农户群体中有所体现,这类农户根据旅游从业特点、遗产保护要求形成了旅游化兼业模式,生计压力之下对家庭劳动力的充分利用促成了农户兼顾传统农业生产。遗产保护须多方审视旅游的正反向效应,在遗产保护基础和前提下,维持适度旅游发展规模以保持农户多产兼业才是可持续发展之路。Agricultural heritage is the inheritance of the living state based on the production and life of farmers.The good maintenance of traditional agricultural production is the key to heritage protection.Under the background of modern social economy,the contradiction between the diversification of farmerslivelihood and the maintenance of traditional agricultural production has become a critical issue for heritage protection.Tourism development is considered as an effective path to bridge the relationship between the two.Therefore,research on the changes of farmers livelihood and the evolution of agricultural land use behavior in heritage tourism destinations will reveal the impact of the changes of farmers livelihood on traditional agricultural production from the practical level.Based on the survey data of 12 villages,401 farmers in Yuanyang county,this study analyzed the changing characteristics of farmers livelihood and agricultural land use behavior from 2011 to 2017.Main findings are as follows:(1)Labor employment has been transferring towards non-agriculturalization,which means there is a reduction in the labor force of pure farming,but with an increase of non-agricultural and concurrent occupied labor.In particular,the development of tourism contributes to the non-agricultural employment.Through the transfer of labor employment,the livelihood of farmers has developed into five different types including farming-dominated,employment-dominated,labor-diversified,tourism-involved and tourism-dominated.Different types of farmer households differ in the level of non-agricultural employment structure and the degree of non-agriculturalization.The comp-etition between nonagricultural transfer of labor force and the demand for agricultural labor input affects the agricultural land use behavior.(2)The development of non-agriculturalization has an overall negative impact on the protection and utilization of agricultural land.The changes of farmers utilization of dry land were mainly reflected in the adjustment of planting s

关 键 词：农地利用 农户生计 旅游影响 遗产保护 哈尼梯田 

分 类 号：F59[经济管理—旅游管理]