频率扰动下虚拟同步电机控制型分布式电源自适应惯性控制策略  

Adaptive Inertial Control Strategy for Inverter Interfaced Distributed Generator Based on Virtual Synchronous Generator Under Frequency Disturbances

作　　者：李美依 黄文焘[1] 邰能灵[1] 陆昱[2] 唐跃中[2] 朱钦[2] LI Meiyi;HUANG Wentao;TAI Nengling;LU Yu;TANG Yuezhong(ZHU Qin2(1.School of Electrical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Minhang District,Shanghai 200240,China;Southern Electronic Information and Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Company,Xuhui District,Shanghai 201100,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学电子信息与电气工程学院,上海市闵行区200240 [2]上海市电力公司市南供电公司,上海市徐汇区201100

出　　处：《电网技术》2020年第4期1525-1533,共9页Power System Technology

基　　金：上海市科技扬帆人才计划(17YF1410200);国家自然科学基金(51807117);国网上海市电力公司科技项目(520933170006)。

摘　　要：逆变型分布式电源作为分布式电源并网的主要形式,其控制精确且响应迅速,但因缺少惯性,面对外界频率扰动时动态调节能力不足。随着分布式电源渗透率逐渐提高,系统扰动时这种不足对配电网稳定运行的影响越来越严重。为解决这一问题,以虚拟同步发电机控制原理为基础,提出一种自适应惯性频率控制策略,在受到频率扰动后根据频率波动范围自适应调节虚拟惯量,提高逆变型分布式电源在上级系统频率扰动时的动态调节特性以及运行稳定性。基于虚拟同步电机三层控制策略,建立以并网公共母线角频率波动为输入、微电源角频率偏差为输出的传递函数模型,研究外界频率干扰时虚拟惯量对微电源输出频率特性与稳定性的影响机理;根据机理分析结果以及储能配置约束,提出自适应惯量上下限以及控制灵敏因子的选取方法。基于PSCAD/EMTDC建立虚拟同步电机控制型光储系统仿真模型,验证配电网不同类型频率扰动下自适应惯性控制型微电源的稳定性与响应能力。与固定惯量对比,所提控制策略兼顾超调量小和响应迅速的特点,控制效果良好。Though being considered accurately-controlling and quickly-responsive, the inverter interfaced distributed generator(IIDG), as a major form of distributed generator, lacks inertia and has a poor regulation ability under frequency disturbances of the distribution network. As the penetration of distributed energy resources increases, this problem may affect the stable operation of the distribution network. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes an adaptive inertia control strategy based on the virtual synchronous generator(VSG), which adopts adaptive virtual inertia to enhance the robustness against frequency disturbances. The mechanism of dynamic stability of the IIDG under external frequency disturbances is discussed. Based on the threefold control strategy of VSG, the transfer function is established taking the frequency fluctuation of the common AC bus as the input and the virtual angular frequency as output. The influence of the virtual inertia on the output characteristics is analyzed when there is a sudden frequency change as well as frequency oscillation. The adaptive inertia strategy is then proposed. Parameters can be selected to adjust the sensitive and sluggish area of the control. The upper-lower limit of virtual inertia is determined according to the stored energy. Based on PSCAD/EMTDC, a simulation model of photovoltaic and energy storage system is established to verify the proposed strategy. Compared with the fixed inertia control, the proposed strategy achieves better performance under different types of frequency disturbances.

关 键 词：自适应惯性 虚拟同步电机 逆变型分布式电源 稳定性机理 频率扰动 

分 类 号：TM721[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]