板栗胚胎及胚乳发育过程的形态解剖观察  

Morphological and anatomical observation of embryo and endosperm development of Castanea mollissima

作　　者：杜兵帅 张卿[3] 曹庆芹[2,4] 邢宇[2,4] 秦岭[2,4] 房克凤[1,4] DU Bingshuai;ZHANG Qing;CAO Qingqin;XING Yu;QIN Ling;FANG Kefeng(College of Landscape Architecture,Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing 102206,China;College of Plant Science and Technology,Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing 102206,China;Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique,Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing 102206,China;Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design,Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]北京农学院园林学院,北京102206 [2]北京农学院植物科学技术学院,北京102206 [3]北京农学院农业应用新技术北京市重点实验室,北京102206 [4]北京农学院林木分子设计育种高精尖创新中心,北京102206

出　　处：《北京农学院学报》2020年第2期48-52,共5页Journal of Beijing University of Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31270719);北京市属高等学校创新团队建设与教师职业发展计划项目(IDHT20180509)。

摘　　要：【目的】掌握板栗发育的生殖周期和发育时序特征,为探明板栗结实率低的内在原因提供解剖学依据。【方法】以北京市怀柔区‘怀黄’板栗为研究对象,用石蜡切片技术对其胚胎和胚乳的发育过程进行观察。【结果】结果表明:盛花期后15~20 d,合子发育至球形胚,游离核胚乳开始从珠孔端向合点端细胞化,直至充满整个胚囊;盛花期后20~30 d,胚胎先发育至心形,继而发育至鱼雷形,胚乳细胞具有完整的细胞壁并迅速扩张,同时出现胚乳腔;盛花期后35 d左右,胚胎发育至子叶形并开始膨大,胚乳细胞横向扩张,继而被胚体吸收,大量解体。【结论】由此表明,在胚胎发育的过程中,胚乳通过复杂多样的变化在胚体营养供给方面发挥着至关重要的作用。【Objective】The developmental process of embryo and endosperm was investigated for providing anatomical basis for the low seed setting rate of Chinese chestnut(Castanea mollissima Blume.).【Methods】‘Huaihuang’chestnut was utilized as the material to observed the embryogenesis and endosperm development by paraffin section.【Results】The results showed that embryos developed to the globular embryonic stage at 15~20 d after anthesis,and the endosperm nuclei were cellularizated from the micropylar end to the chalazal end.At 20~30 d the globular embryos differentiated to the heart-shaped embryonic stage,followed by the torpedo-shaped embryonic stage,endosperm cells with intact walls expanded rapidly and formed endosperm chamber.The embryos developed to cotyledon embryonic stage and absorbed large quantities of nutrients from the endosperm,endosperm cells expanded later and degraded gradually around 35 d after anthesis.【Conclusion】The study suggested that endosperm might play an important role in the nutrition supply to embryo during the embryonic development.

关 键 词：板栗 胚胎 胚乳 游离核 细胞化 

分 类 号：S664.2[农业科学—果树学]