论艾特玛托夫小说的乌托邦与反乌托邦叙事  

The Utopian and Dystopia Narrative in Aitmatov’s Novels

作　　者：余丹 Yu Dan(School of Liberal Arts,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院

出　　处：《外国文学研究》2020年第1期65-75,共11页Foreign Literature Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“俄罗斯生态思想与生态文学研究”(15BWW029)。

摘　　要：在艾特玛托夫的小说中,乌托邦与反乌托邦并行不悖,这既与作家的成长土壤、生活经历有关,也与其后期的宗教思想、艺术导向关系密切。苏联改革时期,艾特玛托夫在"从根本上重估每一件事情"的反思中,逐步让自己的宗教思想摆脱了政治话语的阈限,"基督"、"上帝"在其作品中占据了更重要的位置。从艺术角度看,他的作品更多是对官方创作规则的适度反拨。与此相应的是,其作品摧毁了歌功颂德式的社会主流话语,代之以反乌托邦式的真实建构。与宗教思想转变相关的是,作家以科幻为依托,开始追寻另类"彼岸":完美的精神境界、发达的科学技术、行将消失的国家机器,这一切承载了作家的乌托邦理想。In Aitmatov’s novels,utopia and dystopia could go hand in hand.This was related to not only his early upbringing and life experience,but also his religious thoughts and artistic orientation in his later years.In his reflection upon the need to"fundamentally reassess everything"during the reform of the Soviet Union,Aitmatov gradually shook his religious thoughts off the constraint of political discourse,hence"Jesus Christ"and"God"took up more important positions in his works.Judging from an artistic perspective,what his works present is more like a moderate reversal of official rules.Accordingly,his works destroyed the flattering mainstream discourse and replaced it with a dystopian construction of reality.What was associated with the transformation of his religious thoughts was the writer’s reliance on science fiction for his pursuit of an alternative"other side":a perfect spiritual realm,the advanced science and technology,the vanishing state apparatus--all these constitute the core of the writer’s Utopian ideal.

关 键 词：艾特玛托夫 小说 乌托邦 反乌托邦 叙事 

分 类 号：I364.074[文学—其他各国文学]