基于地震子波支撑和Curvelet域稀疏约束的面波衰减方法  

Ground-roll attenuation method based on the seismic wavelet supported and sparse constraint in Curvelet domain

作　　者：王常波[1] 田坤[1] 刘立彬[1] 王德营 王晓晨 WANG Chang-bo;TIAN Kun;LIU Li-bin;WANG De-ying;WANG Xiao-chen(Shengli Geophysical Research Institude,Sinopec,Dongying 257022,China;College of Earth Science and Engineering,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266590,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石化胜利油田分公司物探研究院,东营257022 [2]山东科技大学地球科学与工程学院,青岛266590

出　　处：《地球物理学进展》2020年第1期181-187,共7页Progress in Geophysics

基　　金：国家科技重大专项“致密油藏储层地震预测方法及地应力研究”(2017ZX05072-001);中国石化股份公司项目“济阳坳陷中-古生界潜山地震成像技术研究”(P19015-3);胜利油田分公司项目“东部老区地震处理近地表影响及关键技术研究”(YKW1903)联合资助.

摘　　要：面波噪声衰减是地震数据处理流程中的重要一环,传统的面波衰减方法主要依靠面波与有效信号的几何特征差异,在变换域中将两者进行分离.受复杂近地表因素的影响,面波往往呈现非线性特征,并且在变换域中面波与有效信号存在部分重叠,这都导致面波噪声与有效信号难以彻底分离,消除面波的同时也损伤了有效信号.针对这一问题,本文综合利用Curvelet变换对地震数据的稀疏表征特性以及地震子波支撑来构建方程,通过Curvelet域稀疏约束来恢复压制面波时损失掉的有效信号.文中对该方法进行了模型试算和实际资料处理,处理结果表明:本文方法能够在一定程度上恢复损失的有效信号,提高了面波压制方法的保幅性.Ground-roll attenuation plays an important role in seismic data processing,the traditional methods mainly use the differences between ground-roll and signal in geometric characteristic to separate them in transform domain.Affected by complex near-surface structure factor,the ground-roll is often nonlinear and partly overlap with signal in the transform domain,which makes it difficult to completely separate the ground-roll from the seismic records.When the ground roll is completely eliminated,the signal is also damaged.To solve this problem,a new method is proposed in this paper.We utilize the sparsity of seismic records in the curvelet domain and the support of seismic wavelet to construct equation,and the lost signal during the suppression of the groundroll is recovered by sparse constraint in Curvelet domain.The model and field data are used to test the proposed method,the results show that the proposed method can recover the loss signal during groundroll suppression processing and improve the amplitude-preservation characteristic of ground-roll attenuation method.

关 键 词：面波衰减 Curvelet域 地震子波 L1模 高通滤波 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]