过零点个数地震属性理论诠释及应用  

Theory annotation and application for the zero crossing count attribute

作　　者：张军华[1] 桂志鹏 刘显太[2] 王军[2] 张云银[2] 蒋龙[2] ZHANG Jun-hua;GUI Zhi-peng;LIU Xian-tai;WANG Jun;ZHANG Yun-yin;JIANG Long(School of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao 266580,China;Shengli Oilfield Branch of Sinopec,Dongying 257000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)地球科学与技术学院,青岛266580 [2]中国石化胜利油田分公司,东营257000

出　　处：《地球物理学进展》2020年第1期258-264,共7页Progress in Geophysics

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2017ZX05072-001,2017ZX05009-001)资助.

摘　　要：在地震解释与储层预测中,地震属性扮演着重要角色.在砂砾岩储层研究过程中,常规属性效果并不理想,无法满足实际应用的需要.而过零点个数,虽是一种不被人经常使用的地震属性,但我们发现在砂砾岩体油藏预测中应用效果良好.为此,研究过零点个数地震属性的定义与计算方法,讨论子波主频、砂岩厚度、泥岩夹层和地层韵律性等与它的关系,通过模型测试与实际资料应用对其做较全面的诠释.研究表明:(1)对于单一界面地震记录,过零点个数不随子波主频和波长的变化而变化;(2)砂岩厚度与过零点个数呈正相关,厚砂岩的过零点个数要比薄砂岩大;(3)砂体间存在的泥岩夹层,厚度变化对过零点个数影响较小,但它会影响波组的形态;(4)不规则沉积与均匀沉积相比,过零点个数属性值要大,因此,此属性比较适合多期次发育的砂砾岩体或其他薄互层结构的储层预测.总的来说,过零点个数地震属性能够有效地识别砂砾岩体发育区,可为此类储层预测提供了一种新的优势属性.With the development of exploration and development,seismic attributes play a very important role in seismic interpretation and reservoir prediction.In the study of glutenite reservoir,the results of common attributes is not satisfactory and can't achieve the research need.Although zero crossing count attribute is a kind of seismic attribute that is not often used,it is found that it has a good application effect in reservoir prediction of sand and gravel bodies.For this reason,the definition and calculation method of seismic attributes of zero crossing count are studied.The relationships between dominant frequency of wavelet,sandstone thickness,mudstone intercalation and stratum rhythm are discussed.The model test and application of actual data are used to interpret the seismic attributes comprehensively.The results show that:(1)For a single interface record,the zero crossing count will not change with the wavelet's dominant frequency and wavelength;(2)The thickness of sandstone is positively correlated with the zero crossing count,and the zero crossing count of thick sandstone is larger than that of thin sandstone;(3)The mudstone interlayer between sandstones has little influence on the zero crossing count,but it will affect the wave group shape;(4)Irregular sediments have larger zero crossing count values than uniform sediments,which are more suitable for multistage development of glutenite or other thin interbedded reservoirs.In general,the seismic attribute of zero crossing count can effectively identify the developed area of sand and gravel rocks,which can provide a new dominant attribute for such reservoir prediction.

关 键 词：地震属性 过零点个数 砂砾岩 泥岩夹层 储层预测 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]