工业含铊废水处理研究现状与进展  

Removal Thallium from Industrial Wastewater: A Review

作　　者：付向辉 李立[2] 杨国超 曾娟[2] Fu Xianghui;Li Li;Yang Guochao;Zeng Juan(School of Metallurgy and Environment,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Co.Ltd.,Changsha 410012,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学冶金与环境学院,湖南长沙410083 [2]长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司,湖南长沙410012

出　　处：《稀有金属》2020年第2期205-214,共10页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划重点专项项目(2016YF0304105-03);企业自主创新基金项目(2018HB-A5-01)资助。

摘　　要：铊是一种剧毒的稀散元素,微量的铊即可对动植物产生危害。由于当代对含铊矿物开采以及铊化合物应用的增加,工业含铊废水成了铊向环境进行迁移和释放的重要途径,导致近年来铊中毒及铊污染事件时有发生。铊在工业废水中的含量较低,大多在微克到不超过10 mg·L-1的水平。但是铊在环境中的迁移性强,且有生物累积毒性,少量的铊即可对生态和环境产生危害。当前,我国制定了世界上最严格的工业废水铊排放标准(2~5μg·L-1),对生态环境的保护起到了积极作用,也对含铊工业废水的治理技术提出了更高的要求。本文分别对现有常用的氧化沉淀法、吸附法、离子交换法以及萃取法等方法进行了阐述,总结分析了不同方法的适用条件及处理效果。同时,针对不同浓度含铊废水的治理提出了相应的适用工艺路线,指出具有深度净化能力且污泥产生量少的单个或组合工艺是处理含铊工业废水的重要发展方向。Thallium(Tl) is a highly toxic disperse element. Trace Tl can cause toxicity to animals and plants. Due to the increasing exploitation of Tl containing minerals and the application of Tl compounds, Tl-containing wastewater has become a primary medium for Tl migration and releasing to the environment, resulting in Tl poisoning and pollution incidents in recent years. The normal Tl concentration in industrial wastewater stays at a level of micrograms to less than 10 mg·L-1. Nonetheless, even limited amount of Tl can be harmful due to its strong mobility and bioaccumulative toxicity. China has formulated the world’s most stringent Tl emission standard for industrial wastewater(2~5 μg·L-1), which has played a positive role for the environment protection and designated higher requirements for processing technology of wastewater. By summarizing and analyzing current methods such as oxidation precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange and extraction, the corresponding applicable process routes were proposed for different Tl concentrations wastewater. The review highlighted the efforts to develop some single or combined processes which are capable of deep purification with less sludge.

关 键 词：铊 铊污染 工业废水 深度净化 吸附 氧化 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]