苦瓜未授粉子房的胚状体诱导  

Embryoids Induction from Unfertilized Ovary of Bitter Gourd

作　　者：冯诚诚 陈小凤 黄熊娟 黄玉辉 梁家作 刘杏连 琚茜茜 秦健 黄如葵 Feng Chengcheng;Chen Xiaofeng;Huang Xiongjuan;Huang Yuhui;Liang Jiazuo;Liu Xinglian;Ju Xixi;Qin Jian;Huang Rukui(Vegetable Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,530007)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区农业科学院蔬菜研究所,南宁530007

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2020年第9期2994-3001,共8页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31760580);现代农业产业技术体系专项项目(CARS-25);广西科技重大专项(桂科AA17204042,桂科AA17204026);广西自然科学基金项目(2015GXNSFBA139079);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(2015-YT66)共同资助。

摘　　要：苦瓜常规育种获得纯合株系耗时长、成本高,通过离体雌核培养途径获得单倍体可加速苦瓜育种进程。为建立苦瓜未授粉子房离体培养再生体系,本研究利用苦瓜未授粉子房为外植体,研究基因型、接种方式、激素配比、胚囊发育时期、预培养处理对胚状体诱导效果的影响。结果表明:MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA1.00 mg/L+2,4-D 1.0 mg/L+TDZ 0.04 mg/L培养基胚状体的诱导率最高,为19.60%;在8个苦瓜品种中,2个植株生长势强的品种‘桂农科3号’和‘泰国山’苦瓜胚状体诱导率较高,适合作为离体雌核诱导的实验材料;开花当天的子房去除表皮后横切成2 mm的薄片可有效降低愈伤组织的形成,提高胚状体的诱导率;在黑暗和33℃条件下热激3 d有利于子房的转绿和出胚。本研究对苦瓜未授粉子房的胚状体诱导关键因子进行优化,为创制苦瓜单倍体育种材料提供帮助。It is time-consuming and costly to obtain bitter gourd pure-line by using the conventional breeding technology,haploid in vitro gynogenesis culture can accelerate the breeding process.In order to establish an in vitro culture and regeneration system of unfertilized ovaries of Momordica charantia,the unfertilized ovaries of balsam gourd were used as explants in this study,to study the effects of genotype,vaccination mode,hormone ratio,embryo sac development period and pre-culture treatment on embryoid induction.The results showed that the media MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 1.00 mg/L+2,4-D 1.0 mg/L+TDZ 0.04 mg/L achieved higher induction rate,reaching 19.60%.Among the 8 bitter gourd varieties tested,the highest embryo formation rate were’Guinongke 3 bitter gourd’and’Thailand hill bitter gourd’,with stronger growth,had higher embryoid induction rates and were more suitable to be used as experiment materials.On the day of flowering,the ovary scraped off the epidermis and cut horizontally into 2 mm slices,which could effectively reduce the formation of calli.The operation of slicing and then sterilizing the ovaries picked on bloom day decreased the cavernous callus formation effectively and increased the embryoid induction rate.Treatments with darkness and heat shock(33℃)for 3 days could help ovaries turn green and induce embryoids.In this study,the key factors of embryoid induction of unpowdered ovaries of balsam gourd were optimized,which would be helpful for the creation of haploid breeding materials of balsam pear.

关 键 词：苦瓜(Momordica charantia L.) 未受精子房 胚状体诱导 单倍体育种 

分 类 号：S642.5[农业科学—蔬菜学]