甘薯胡萝卜素含量、干率聚合育种的一个特例  

A Special Case of Pyramiding Breeding of Carotene Content and Dry Matter Content in Sweetpotato

作　　者：沈升法[1] 项超 吴列洪[1] 李兵[1] Shen Shengfa;Xiang Chao;Wu Liehong;Li Bing(Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou,310021)

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院作物与核技术利用研究所,杭州310021

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2020年第9期3032-3040,共9页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：浙江省农业(粮食)新品种选育重大科技专项(2016C2050-7-7);浙江省重点研发计划项目(2017C02025)共同资助。

摘　　要：2005年采用高胡萝卜素、低干双亲的特殊组合‘浙薯81’ב浙薯255’创制出甘薯优异高干红肉品种‘浙薯13’。为了探索甘薯胡萝卜素含量、干率聚合育种新方法,2016年对这一双亲的正反交组合F1胡萝素含量、干率进行了测定和遗传分离规律分析。结果表明,正反交组合的胡萝卜素含量遗传主要受非加性效应控制,组合传递力分别为45.32%和49.73%。干率不仅存在加性效应,而且呈明显的超亲遗传,正反交组合的超亲优势分别达到15.12%和12.75%,超高亲率约70%,呈现相当于高干×低干的遗传分离,中、高干类型比例高达60%左右,其中高干类型比例约28%。杂交后代含有干率≥25%、胡萝卜素含量≥3 mg/100 g FW的株系占26.10%,含有干率≥25%、胡萝卜素含量≥10 mg/100 g FW的株系占9.78%。干率是甘薯食味的主要影响因子。因此,‘浙薯81’与‘浙薯255’杂交可以高效地聚合胡萝卜素含量和干率,大幅度提高优质食用高胡萝卜素育种的筛选效率。In 2005,the excellent sweetpotato variety’Zheshu 13’with red flesh and high dry matter content was developed from the cross between’Zheshu 81’and’Zheshu 255’,which each had the the characteristics of high carotene content and low dry matter content.In order to explore a new method of pyramiding breeding of carotene content and dry matter content,the carotene contents and dry matter contents of F1 from the reciprocal crosses between’Zheshu 81’and’Zheshu 255’were determined in 2016,and the genetic segregation rules were also analyzed.The results showed that carotene content was mainly controlled by non-additive effects,and the transmitting ability of the reciprocal crosses was 45.32%and 49.73%,respectively.Dry matter content not only was mainly controlled by additive effects,but also displayed obvious transgressive inheritance tendency.The high-parent heterosis of reciprocal crosses for dry matter content was 15.12%and 12.75%,respectively,and the over-high-parent rate was about 70%,showed the similar inheritance tendency of the cross between high and low dry matter content parents.The proportion of middle and high dry matter content type was about 60%,of which,the proportion of high dry matter type was about 28%.In F1 from the reciprocal crosses,26.10%of the clones had dry matter content above 25%and carotene content above 3 mg/100 g FW,and 9.78%of the clones had dry matter content above 25%and carotene content above 10 mg/100 g FW.Dry matter content was the main factor affecting taste of root steamed.Therefore,the above results suggest that the crosses between’Zheshu 81’and’Zheshu 255’could efficiently applied in the breeding programme for the carotene content and dry matter content,and greatly improve the screening efficiency of breeding for high edible quality and carotene content.

关 键 词：甘薯 胡萝卜素含量 干率 遗传 超亲优势 

分 类 号：S531[农业科学—作物学]