设施菜地土壤重金属污染及有效性研究  

Study on Heavy Metal Pollution and Availability in Vegetable Soil

作　　者：李富[1] 张刚[2] 杨帆[1] 宋春香[1] 吴恒梅[1] 崔佳凤[1] 齐兴田[1] 刘赢男[3] LI Fu(Jiamusi University,Jiamusi 154007,China)

机构地区：[1]佳木斯大学,黑龙江佳木斯154007 [2]东北师范大学,吉林长春130024 [3]黑龙江省科学院自然与生态研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《国土与自然资源研究》2020年第3期49-53,共5页Territory & Natural Resources Study

基　　金：黑龙江省教育厅科学技术研究项目(12541816)。

摘　　要：以佳木斯周边设施菜地土壤为研究对象,测定土壤中8种重金属(Hg、Cd、Pb、As、Ni、Zn、Cu和Cr)含量,采用HCL法提取土壤中重金属有效态含量,并进行生态风险评价。结果表明,佳木斯设施菜地土壤8种重金属中Hg、Cd、As、Ni、Zn和Cu平均含量均超过黑龙江省土壤环境背景值,表明这6种重金属元素都存在富集。在3个采样区中,东部的重金属污染最重,这主要与佳木斯工厂、企业布局有关,企业和工厂在生产中排放的污染物以及在蔬菜种植过程中施用的化肥、有机肥料等可能会对土壤造成污染。8种有效态重金属Hg、Pb、Ni、Zn和Cr元素含量均超标,其中Ni和Zn的超标率分别为59.57%和78.77%。综合潜在生态风险分析表明,佳木斯设施菜地土壤重金属污染指数值为较高污染,且东部采样区对生态环境存在风险胁迫。Taking the facility vegetable land in Jiamusi City, the total contents of heavy metals(Hg, Cd, Pb, As, Ni, Zn, Cu and Cr)were measured by ICP-OES. The available contents in the dust were extracted by HCL and subsequently their ecological risk was assessed. The results showed that the average contents of Hg, Cd,As, Ni, Zn and Cu in the soil of jiamusi facility vegetable land exceeded the environmental background values of Heilongjiang Province, indicating that the six heavy metal elements were enriched. Among the three sampling areas, the heavy metal pollution in the east is the heaviest, which is mainly related to the layout of factory and enterprises. The pollutants discharged by enterprises and factories during production, as well as the fertilizers and organic fertilizers applied during vegetable planting may cause soil pollution. The contents of Hg, Pb, Ni, Zn and Cr elements in the eight effective states exceeded the standard, and the exceeding rates of Ni and Zn were 59.57% and 78.77%, respectively. The integrated pollution index assessment indicated that the heavy metal pollution index value was high, and there was ecological risk of heavy metals in in the eastern sampling area of Jiamusi City.

关 键 词：设施菜地 重金属污染 有效性 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]