论格式条款内容控制的具体标准——以《合同法》第39、40条为中心  

On the Specific Standards of Content Control in Format Clauses——Focus on Articles 39 and 40 of the Contract Law

作　　者：陈阳 Chen Yang(School of Law,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《中南财经政法大学研究生学报》2020年第2期114-121,共8页Journal of the Postgraduate of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law

摘　　要：合意度低下和均衡度不足是对格式条款进行司法规制的逻辑起点和理论依据,《合同法》第39条确立了以公平原则为基本原则的概括规制,为司法实践所证成;《合同法》第40条为立法者学习德国《一般交易条款法》第9条之产物,为格式条款无效之表现形式,非具体标准,由此导致公平原则在司法适用中存在标准不明和对象混乱的问题。基于对《合同法》第40条的历史解释,以德国《一般交易条款法》为比较法研究,总结我国司法实践,在有名合同中,以任意性法律规范为判断;无名合同情形下,综合考察给付与对待给付义务和风险负担的均衡度,以合同目的及性质为判断;同时在特殊行业确定格式条款内容控制的类型化,为格式条款的内容控制的司法裁判提供考量因素。Low consensus and insufficient balance are the logical starting point and theoretical basis for judicial regulation of the format clause.Article 39 of the Contract Law establishes a general regulation based on the principle of fairness,which is justified by judicial practice,and there are also the problem of applicable standards and objects confusion.Article 40 of the Contract Law is the product of the legislator studying Article 9 of the German General Conditions of Trade Act,which is a form of expression of invalid formal clauses,not a specific standard.Using the German general transaction conditions law as a comparative law,summarizing judicial practice,in the case of famous contracts,taking arbitrary legal norms as judgments,and the case of unnamed contracts,comprehensively examining the balance between payment and treatment of payment obligations and risk burden to judge the purpose and nature of the contract,and at the same time,the standards for typed internal control of format clauses are determined in special industries to provide consideration factors for judicial decisions on the content control of format clauses.

关 键 词：格式条款 内容控制 公平原则 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]