拔节期霜冻胁迫对不同小麦品种源库特性的影响  

Effect of Frost Stress at Jointing Stage on Source and Sink Characteristics of Different Wheat Varieties

作　　者：席凯鹏 杨娜 王珂 席吉龙 席天元 张建诚 姚景珍 李永山 XI Kaipeng;YANG Na;WANG Ke;XI Jilong;XI Tianyuan;ZHANG Jiancheng;YAO Jingzhen;LI Yongshan(Cotton Research Institute,Shanxi Academic of Agricultural Sciences,Yuncheng,Shaanxi 044000,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院棉花研究所,山西运城044000

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2020年第5期601-608,共8页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300203-3);“十二五”农村领域国家科技支撑计划课题(2015BAD22B03)。

摘　　要：为给小麦耐霜冻品种选育和抗霜冻丰产栽培提供理论依据,以半冬性偏冬性品种济麦22、半冬性品种舜麦1718和半冬性偏春性品种西农585为材料,在拔节期(幼穗药隔期)通过移动式人工霜冻箱模拟霜冻胁迫(-5^-3℃,5 h),研究霜冻胁迫对小麦源库特性的影响。结果表明,霜冻胁迫下,小麦幼穗冻伤率为31.4%~61.9%,穗粒数、穗数、千粒重和产量较对照分别降低8.4%~12.6%、3.2%~6.1%、0.8%~10.7%和19.7%~41.9%,耐霜冻能力表现为济麦22>舜麦1718>西农585。霜冻胁迫后,孕穗期和抽穗期各品种平均单茎叶面积分别减少15.5%和17.0%,叶面积指数分别减少19.5%和21.1%;霜冻胁迫初期光合速率下降28.5%~42.1%,孕穗后耐霜品种济麦22的光合速率提高3.6%~16.7%;叶片MDA含量显著提高;孕穗至成熟期生长率(CGR)比对照明显降低9.6%~22.0%,其中耐霜品种济麦22生长率降幅小,净同化率和粒叶比却分别提高26.9%和11.4%。小麦籽粒直径极显著降低,籽粒蛋白质含量提高1.3%~11.0%,面筋强度和沉降值稳定或提高。正常生长条件下小麦源库关系属库限制型,霜冻胁迫下属源库互作型。综上,霜冻胁迫打破了小麦原来源库平衡,显著降低了小麦的库容量和源强度,选择种植抗霜冻稳产品种或通过栽培措施调节高穗粒库容量和叶源活性,可减少霜冻导致的产量损失。To provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation of frost-tolerant wheat varieties and frost-resistant and high-yield cultivation techniques,with three different frost-tolerant wheat varieties,Jimai 22,Shunmai 1718 and Xinong 585 as the materials,the effect of frost stress on the source-sink characteristics of wheat was studied using movable artificial frost box to stimulate the frost stress(-5℃--3℃,5 h)at jointing stage(young spike connectives).The results showed that under frost stress,the frostbite rate of different varieties ranged from 31.4%to 61.9%;compared to CK,the grain number per spike,the spike number,the 1000-grain weightand yield decreased significantly by 8.4%-12.6%,3.2%-6.1%,0.8%-10.7%,and 19.7%-41.9%,respectively.The frost resistance of wheat varieties ranked as Jimai 22>Shunmai 1718>Xinong 585.At the booting stage and heading stage after frost stress,the average leaf area per shoot of each variety significantly reduced by 15.5%and 17.0%,respectively,and the leaf area index significantly reduced by 19.5%and 21.1%,respectively.At the early stage of frost stress,the photosynthetic rate was significantly lower than that of the control by 28.5%-42.1%,and the photosynthetic rate of the frost-tolerant varieties increased by 3.6%-16.7%after booting;the MDA content in the leaves increased significantly;from booting to maturity,the crop growth rate was significantly lower than that of the control by 9.6%-22.0%,and the growth rate of the frost-tolerant variety Jimai 22 reduced less,but the net assimilation rate and the grain-leaf ratio significantly increased by 26.9%and 11.4%,respectively.The grain diameter of wheat significantly reduced;the grain protein content significantly increased by 1.3%-11.0%,and the gluten strength and sedimentation value were stable or increased.Within this experiment,the source-sink relationship of normal growth wheat was sink-limited,while that of frost stress was a source-sink interaction.In summary,the frost stress broke the original source-sink balance,significantly re

关 键 词：霜冻胁迫 小麦 源库特性 耐霜性 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311