工业性渔业中的合法和不法行为:亚洲劳动关系监管的边疆  

Law and lawlessness in industrial fishing:frontiers in regulating labour relations in Asia

作　　者：彼得·范德吉斯特 赵元元(译) Peter Vandergeest

机构地区：[1]加拿大多伦多约克大学 [2]不详

出　　处：《国际社会科学杂志（中文版）》2020年第1期134-152,8,12,13,共22页International Social Science Journal（Chinese Edition）

摘　　要：本文考察了继捕鱼行业非自由用工和虐待性工作条件引发丑闻后,国家对工业性渔业的监管范围扩大到将劳动关系包括在内的情况。文章重点关注在泰国国外经营的渔场,并辅以有关缅甸和中国台湾地区渔场工作条件的相关信息。在加强国家监管之前先关注劳动关系模式的“边疆”概念,让人们可以考察包括船东和船长、捕鱼技术、海洋生态、船舶机动性、边境和工人在内的非国家行为因素是如何形成工业性渔业的工作条件的。这一方法重新界定了当前工业性渔业监管的架构,使其不再只针对那些不受监管或没有法律的渔业,而且还针对涉及在国家监管相对缺失情况下调节渔业劳动的各种行为动因的一系列动态现行做法。使用“边疆”这个概念,也有助于解释如何以及为何渔业劳动关系被定位为有别于陆上工作的特殊关系,并使人们关注国家通过船东和船长监管劳动的方式,这种方式往往忽视工人这个行为动因,或者通过移民政策削弱工人这个动因的作用。The paper examines the extension of state regulation of industrial fisheries to include labour relations in the wake of scandals concerning unfree and abusive working conditions in the fishing industry.The focus is on fisheries operated out of Thailand,supplemented by information about working conditions in fisheries based in Myanmar and Taiwan.A concept of frontier that pays attention to patterns in labour relations prior to intensification of state regulation enables consideration of how non-state agents including vessel owners and captains,fishing technologies,marine ecologies,vessel mobilities,borders,and workers contribute to shaping working conditions in industrial fishing.This approach reframes current efforts to regulate industrial fisheries as acting not on unregulated or lawless fisheries,but on a series of dynamic existing practices of involving multiple agents who regulate fisheries work in the relative absence of state regulation.Using this concept of the frontier also helps explain how and why labour relations in fisheries are positioned as exceptional in relation to terrestrial work,and draws attention to the way that state regulation works through owners and captains,often neglecting the agency of workers,or undermining worker agency through migration policies.

关 键 词：行为动因 工业性 捕鱼技术 不法行为 海洋生态 移民政策 重新界定 现行做法 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]