基于电机定子电流分析的机车齿轮箱故障诊断  

Locomotive Gearbox Fault Detection Based on Drive Motor Stator Current Analysis

作　　者：张璋 杨江天[1] 薛灿灿 岳建海[1] ZHANG Zhang;YANG Jiangtian;XUE Cancan;YUE Jianhai(School of Mechanical Electronic and Control Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院,北京100044

出　　处：《铁道学报》2020年第5期51-57,共7页Journal of the China Railway Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51975040)。

摘　　要：机车传动系统齿轮故障诊断对保障列车行车安全有重要意义,因此将牵引电机定子电流分析用于齿轮故障诊断。齿轮局部损伤引起齿轮系扭矩波动,扭矩的波动使驱动电机定子电流多个频率成分发生相位调制,在定子电流频谱中产生边频带,分析这些特殊频率成份就可以检测齿轮故障。齿轮早期故障产生的边频带幅值非常微弱,通常被电机结构引起的谐波成份和噪声掩盖。双树复小波变换保留了常规小波局部分析特性,又能有效抑制平移敏感性和频率混叠。提出了一种新的无传感器机车齿轮故障诊断方法,用双树复小波分析牵引电机定子电流,抑制噪声排除临近频率的干扰。30 t轴重货运机车正线运转实验证明,提出的方法能有效诊断机车齿轮故障。The diagnosis of gear faults in locomotive traction systems is of significant importance to train operation safety.A noninvasive technique for the detection of gear faults based on the traction motor stator current signature analysis was presented.The localized defects of the gear produced torque oscillations,which caused phase modulation of multi-frequency components of the stator current of the drive motor.As a result of this modulation effect,the sidebands were introduced in the current measurement spectra.Based on the analysis of the unique spectral components created by the gear defects,the gear faults can be detected.However,most of the sidebands caused by an incipient gear fault have rather low amplitude,and consequently are often covered by the harmonics resulting from the motor structure and noise.The dual-tree complex wavelet transform maintains the traditional time-frequency localization analysis ability of the wavelet transform and exhibits better shift-invariance and anti-aliasing property than the conventional discrete wavelet transform.A sensorless fault diagnostic approach for locomotive gears was presented,using dual-tree complex wavelet to analyze the stator current of the traction motor,denoise and remove the interference of neighboring frequencies.The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by 30 t axle load freight locomotives under different operating conditions.

关 键 词：机车齿轮箱 定子电流分析 双树复小波变换 故障诊断 

分 类 号：U269[机械工程—车辆工程] TH132[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]