蔬菜废弃物蚯蚓肥料化处理  

Fertilization of vegetable waste by earthworm

作　　者：张修顺 呼世斌[1] 高德明 张素冰 张玥[1] ZHANG Xiushun;HU Shibin;GAO Deming;ZHANG Subing;ZHANG Yue(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《河北大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第2期184-192,共9页Journal of Hebei University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家“863”项目(2012AA101404-4);蚯蚓粪企业标准研制项目(K3170216004)。

摘　　要：在猪粪、牛粪中添加不同比例蔬菜废弃物,研究蚯蚓处理混合底料过程中pH值、有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾的动态变化,并对蚯蚓处理产物中的有效活菌含量和微生物多样指数进行分析.结果表明:混合底料经60d蚯蚓处理后,pH值、有机质和全氮含量降低,全磷和全钾含量升高,猪粪组有机质和全磷含量明显高于牛粪组,但全钾含量明显低于牛粪组;猪粪组无机磷细菌和有机磷细菌的数量显著高于牛粪组,在硅酸盐菌、固氮菌和根瘤菌的数量上2个实验组无显著差异;混合底料经蚯蚓处理后的微生物多样性指数均显著优于常规堆肥方式,蚯蚓处理可以有效降低物料的臭味.为蚯蚓处理蔬菜废弃物、秸秆和畜禽粪便等有机废弃物提供理论依据.Different proportions of vegetable waste were added to pig manure and cow dung,and the dynamic changes of pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium during the process of vermicomposting,effective viable bacteria content,and microbial diversity index in earthworm composted products were analyed.The results showed that the vermicomposting reduced the content of pH,organic matter and total nitrogen in the material,and increased the content of total phosphorus and total potassium.The content of organic matter and total phosphorus in the pig manure group was significantly higher than that in the cow manure group,but the total potassium content was significantly lower.The number of inorganic phosphorus bacteria and organic phosphorus bacteria in pig manure group was significantly higher than that in cow manure group because of higher phosphorus content.There was no significant difference regarding to the number of silicate bacteria,Azotobacter and Rhizobium between the two groups.The microbial diversity index of vermicomposting products was significantly better than that of conventional composting products.Vermicomposting could effectively reduce the odor of materials.This work provides theoretical basis for earthworm to treat organic wastes such as vegetable waste,straw and livestock manure.

关 键 词：蚯蚓 蔬菜废弃物 畜禽粪便 有效活菌 

分 类 号：X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程]