应用于农村支浜原位修复的生态浮床净化效果研究  

Study on purification effect of ecological floating bed applied to in-situ restoration of rural rivers

作　　者：宋雪飞 张迎颖[1] 恽台红 宋伟[1] 张志勇[1] 王岩[1] 刘海琴[1] SONG Xuefei;ZHANG Yingying;YUN Taihong;SONG Wei;ZHANG Zhiyong;WANG Yan;LIU Haiqin(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream YangtzePlain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;Agricultural Machinery Station of Qianhuang Town,Wujin District,Changzhou City,Jiangsu Province,Changzhou 213172,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室,江苏南京210014 [2]江苏省常州市武进区前黄镇农技农机站,江苏常州213172

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2020年第3期477-484,共8页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重大科技专项水体污染控制与治理专项(2017ZX07202004-007);国家自然科学基金青年项目(41201533)。

摘　　要：[目的]本文旨在研究生态浮床对农村集中居住区河道支浜的净化效果。[方法]于2018年7—10月,在江苏省常州市武进区运村村新运小桥浜运农桥段180 m河段上,选取铜钱草、梭鱼草和千屈菜3种常见植物构建组合生态浮床,开展支浜水体原位修复试验。[结果]在植物种养后,支浜上、中、下游沿程各采样点,水体固体悬浮物(SS)含量逐渐下降;水体溶解氧(DO)浓度随浮床处理时间延长呈升高趋势,而pH值则逐渐趋于中性。试验期间,受到地表径流排污口的影响,组合生态浮床对河段水体总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、化学需氧量(COD)的最高去除率分别为29.7%、30.73%和75.0%。在试验周期75 d内,铜钱草、梭鱼草和千屈菜对水体氮素的去除速率分别为0.36、2.56和1.10 g·m^-2·d^-1;对水体磷素的去除速率分别为0.041、0.071和0.140 g·m^-2·d^-1。3种浮床植物对支浜水体的去污能力从高到低依次为:梭鱼草、千屈菜、铜钱草。[结论]在应用于农村支浜原位修复的生态浮床净化试验中,3种组合生态浮床不仅消减水体氮、磷浓度,还有效降解有机物和拦截颗粒物,对减少下游水体富营养化问题具有重要意义。[Objectives]The aim of this study was to study the purification effect of ecological floating bed on the river branch in rural concentrated residential areas.[Methods]A combined ecological floating bed was constructed on the 180 m reach of Yuncun Village,Wujin District,Changzhou City,by using Hydrocotyle chinensis,Pontederia cordata L.and Lythrum salicaria L.to carry out in-situ restoration experiments of riverbank waters in July-October 2018.[Results]The results showed that after planting,the SS value of the water body gradually decreased at each sampling point along the upper,middle and lower reaches of the branch.The dissolved oxygen(DO)concentration in the water body increased with the length of the floating bed treatment time,and the pH value gradually became neutral.During the experiment,affected by the surface runoff sewage outlet,the highest reduction rates of total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),and chemical oxygen demand(COD)along the river by the combined ecological floating bed were 29.7%,30.73%and 75.0%,respectively.In the test period of 75 days,the removal rate of nitrogen in water by H.chinensis,P.cordata and L.salicaria was about 0.36,2.56 and 1.10 g·m-2·d^-1;the removal rate of phosphorus in water was about 0.041,0.071 and 0.140 g·m-2·d^-1.The decontamination ability of three kinds of floating bed plants to the water body of branch river ranged from high to low:P.cordata,L.salicaria,H.chinensis.[Conclusions]In the ecological floating bed purification test applied to the in-situ restoration of rural tributary creek,the three combined ecological floating beds not only reduce the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water,but also effectively degrade the organic matter and intercept particulate matter,which is of great significance to reducing the eutrophication of the downstream water.

关 键 词：水生植物 生态浮床 河道污染 净化效果 氮 磷 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]