汽车用Al-20Si合金的变质处理与合金化试验研究  

Experimental study on modification and alloying of Al-20 Si alloy for automobile

作　　者：彭加山 石恒聪 李沁 PENG Jia-shan;SHI Heng-cong;LI Qin(Jiangyin Secondary Professional School of Jiangsu Province,Jiangyin 214400,China;Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省江阴中等专业学校,江苏江阴214400 [2]南京航空航天大学,江苏南京210016

出　　处：《轻合金加工技术》2020年第4期23-28,共6页Light Alloy Fabrication Technology

基　　金：江苏省“十二五”规划重点自筹课题(编号B-b/2013/03/008)。

摘　　要：试验研究单独添加P和复合添加P+Er对Al-20Si合金的变质作用并优化出最佳添加量,在此基础上考察了Cu和Ni对Al-20Si合金室温和300℃高温强度的影响.结果表明:未添加P变质处理的合金中的初晶Si主要呈粗大块状或星状,棱角较为尖锐且分布不均匀,P变质处理的后合金中初晶Si的形貌逐渐转变为颗粒状,尺寸变小的同时均匀度增加;复合添加P+Er变质处理的合金中初晶Si形态变化不大,而共晶Si尺寸明显减小,w(P)=0.04%、w(Er)=0.06%复合变质处理Al-20Si合金可以得到最佳变质效果;在Cu含量不变前提下增加Ni含量或者Ni含量不变前提下增加Cu含量,都可以提升Al-20Si合金的室温强度和300℃高温抗拉强度,且Ni元素对提高300℃高温抗拉强度更加显著,Al-20Si合金中Cu和Ni适宜的添加量都为l.6%(质量分数).The modification of Al-20Si aluminum alloy by adding P alone and P+Er in combination was studied in experiment and the optimum addition amount was optimized.On this basis,the effects of Cu and Ni on Al-20Si alloy strength were investigated at room temperature and 300℃.The results show that the primary silicon in Al-Si alloys without P modification is mainly massive or star-shaped with sharp edges and uneven distribution;after P modification,the morphology of primary silicon in Al-Si alloys gradually transforms into granular shape with smaller size and higher uniformity.The morphology of primary silicon in Al-Si alloys modified by P 4-Er changes little,while the size of eutectic silicon decreases obviously,and the best modification effect can be obtained by modifying Al-Si alloy with w(P)=0.04%,w(Er)=0.06%in combination.The room temperature strength and high temperature tensile strength of Al-Si alloys can be improved by increasing Ni content without changing the content of Cu or increasing Cu content without changing the content of Ni,and the effect of Ni element on the high temperature tensile strength of Al-20Si alloys is more significant;the appropriate addition of Cu and Ni each in Al-Si alloys is 1.6%(mass fraction).

关 键 词：AL-20SI合金 P变质处理 P+Er复合变质处理 合金化 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG146.21[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]