自主动作对目标觉察速度与辨别能力的影响  

Effect of Voluntary Action on Detection Speed and Discrimination Performance

作　　者：王碧野[1,2] 周成林 郭玮[1,2] WANG Biye;ZHOU Chenglin;GUO Wei(School of PE,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225127,China;Institute of Sports,Exercise and Brain,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225127,China;Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学体育学院,江苏扬州225127 [2]扬州大学体育运动与脑科学研究所,江苏扬州225127 [3]上海体育学院,上海200438

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2020年第3期350-355,共6页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(项目编号:17ZDA330)。

摘　　要：为了探索个体的目标觉察速度和辨别能力受自主动作的影响,借助信号检测论与随机动点任务范式进行2项行为学实验,共20名被试分别参与本研究的2个实验。实验1主要探索自主动作对个体觉察速度的影响,被试需要在自主动作和非自主动作的条件下,分别判断在一组随机动点之中,是否存在一组运动方向一致的动点;实验2主要探索自主动作对个体辨别能力的影响,实验分为自主动作部分和线索提示2部分,被试需要通过学习阶段,掌握自主动作(线索)与动点一致运动方向的特定对应关系。在测试阶段,分别在自主动作(线索)与其效果一致或不一致条件下,对随机动点一致运动的具体方向进行报告。结果发现,在实验1中,被试在自主动作与非自主动作条件下,反应时差异显著(P<0.05),正确率差异不显著(P=0.95);在实验2的自主动作部分,被试在自主动作与效果一致与不一致条件下辨别力d’差异显著(P<0.05),反应标准c差异不显著(P=0.30),在线索提示部分,一致与不一致条件下,辨别力d’(P=0.84)和反应标准c(P=0.14)差异均不显著。综上,自主动作可以加速个体对效果的觉察速度,自主动作可以增强对不同效果的辨别能力,单独预判加工无法产生该效益。In order to explore the effect of voluntary action on detection speed and discrimination performance,two behavioral experiments were carried out in this study,and a total of 20 subjects participated in the study. Experiment 1 explored the effect of voluntary action on individual detection speed. Subjects judged whether there was a group of random dots with consistent motion direction in voluntary action and non-voluntary action condition. Experiment 2 explored the effect of voluntary action on discrimination performance,the experiment was divided into voluntary action part and cue parts. Subjects reported the specific direction of motion of most dots in both the voluntary action(cue)congruent with its effect conditions and incongruent condition. The results showed that,in experiment 1 the response time difference was significant(P<0.05)and the difference in accuracy was not significant(P=0.95)in the condition of voluntary and non-voluntary action. In the voluntary action part of experiment 2,the difference between the discrimination d’ is significant(P<0.05)and the difference of the response criteria was not significant(P=0.30)in congruent and incongruent condition. In addition,in the cue part,neither the discrimination d’(P=0.84)and response criteria(P=0.14)was significant in congruent and incongruent conditions. In summary,voluntary action can accelerate the individual’s detection speed;Voluntary action can enhance the discrimination of different stimuli that could not be induced by anticipation process.

关 键 词：自主动作 感知觉 觉察速度 辨别力 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]