基于作物-水模型的不同降雨年型苜蓿草田生长季地下滴灌灌溉制度研究  

Subsurface Drip Irrigation Schedule of Alfalfa Fields in Growing Season Under Different Rainfall Year Types Based on Crop-water Model

作　　者：杜建民[1] 周乾 王占军[1] 俞鸿千[1] 季波[1] 蒋齐[1] DU Jian-min;ZHOU Qian;WANG Zhan-jun;YU Hong-qian;JI Bo;JIANG Qi(Institute of Desertification Control, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China;Ningxia Institute of Water Resources Science, Yinchuan 750021, China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院荒漠化治理研究所,银川750002 [2]宁夏水利科学研究院,银川750021

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2020年第2期8-16,共9页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：宁夏农林科学院自主研发项目(NKYJ-17-20);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2017BY082);国家牧草产业技术体系盐池综合试验站(CARS-34)。

摘　　要：以不同降雨年型苜蓿草田生长季地下滴灌灌溉制度为研究目标,以地下滴灌不同土壤含水量下限控制试验为基础,通过对不同降雨年型苜蓿生长、水分利用及产量指标的系统分析,建立产量-耗水量-水分生产效率的作物-水模型,推求各茬苜蓿最优耗水量,结合典型年降雨在苜蓿生产各茬内的分布特点,提出宁夏引黄灌区苜蓿草田不同降雨年型地下滴灌灌溉制度。结果表明:不同降雨年型下,地下滴灌苜蓿土壤含水量≥50田间持水率时,各茬株高呈现先升高再下降的2段式变化过程;分枝数随收获茬次的延续逐步下降,茎叶比在丰水年型随灌溉定额增加而升高,在平水年型随收获茬次延续逐步下降;各处理干草产量在不同降雨年型均随收获茬次的延续逐步下降,且土壤含水量下限高于60田间持水率的各处理间产量差异达不到显著水平;苜蓿草田各茬灌水量通过影响耗水量而影响苜蓿茎叶比、株高和分枝数,进而影响干草产量,并据此建立了苜蓿草田产量-耗水量-水分生产效率间的作物水模型,计算苜蓿草田各茬兼顾产量和水分生产效率的最优耗水量,结合自然降雨分布特征,提出宁夏引黄灌区不同降雨年型苜蓿草田生长季地下滴灌灌溉制度:枯水年苜蓿地下滴灌灌溉定额为5000 m^3/hm^2,灌水20次;平水年苜蓿地下滴灌灌溉定额为4600 m^3/hm^2,灌水19次;丰水年苜蓿地下滴灌灌溉定额为4132 m^3/hm^2,灌水17次。Taking the subsurface drip irrigation schedule for alfalfa fields under different rainfall year types of as the research object and based on the experiments of lower limit control of soil water content under subsurface drip irrigation,through the systematic analysis of the growth,water using and yield indexes of alfalfa in every stubble,the model of hay yield-water consumption-WUE was established,the optimum water consumption of alfalfa in every stubble was deduced,and according to the distribution characteristics of different rainfall years in every stubble of alfalfa production,the irrigation schedule under different rainfall years for Ningxia yellow river irrigation area was established.The results showed that:under different rainfall years,when the soil moisture content of alfalfa field under subsurface drip irrigation was larger than 50%of the field water holding rate,the stubble height showed a two-stage variation process of first increasing and then decreasing.The branch number decreased gradually with the continuation of harvest stubbles,the ratio of stem and leaf increased with the increase of irrigation quota in wet year,and decreased gradually with the continuation of harvest stubbles in plain year.The hay yield of each treatment decreased gradually with the increase of harvest stubbles in different rainfall years,and the yield difference between treatments with the lower limit of soil water content higher than 60%of the field water holding rate was not significant.The irrigation amount of each stubble affected the stem-leaf ratio,the height and branch number of alfalfa by affecting water consumption,and then affected the hay yield.Based on above work,the crop water model between yield,water consumption and water production efficiency was established,the optimal water consumption of alfalfa considering both yield and water production efficiency of each stubble was calculated.According to distribution characteristics of different rainfall years in every stubble of alfalfa production,the subsurface drip

关 键 词：苜蓿 灌溉制度 地下滴灌 降雨年型 作物-水模型 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]