民勤地区畦灌春玉米改水成数田间试验研究  

The Field Experiments of Cut-off Ratio of Spring Corn Under Border Irrigation in Minqin Area

作　　者：王洋[1] 伍娟 黄兴法[1] 李光永[1] WANG Yang;WU Juan;HUANG Xiang-fa;LI Guang-ying(China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学,北京100083

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2020年第2期22-26,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目“河西走廊玉米小麦田间节水节肥节药综合技术”(201503125)。

摘　　要：为探究适合甘肃省民勤地区畦灌条件下改水成数对春玉米生长的影响,2018年选用玉米品种‘先玉335’设置田间试验。畦灌试验设置4种处理Q1(改水成数0.85)、Q2(改水成数0.90)、Q3(改水成数0.95)和Q4(灌水周期数为2的波涌灌溉与改水成数0.85组合)。结果表明:畦灌土壤水分和硝态氮分布随改水成数增大而越均匀,改水成数通过影响畦灌玉米土壤储水量和硝态氮而影响玉米的生长。处理Q3、Q4灌水均匀度与灌水效率较高,水氮分布均匀,畦灌改水成数会造成田间首、尾段玉米产量差异,改水成数越小,尾段玉米产量越低。Q3产量和水分利用效率最高,分别为13563.6 kg/hm^2和2.7 kg/m^3,处理Q3比Q1产量高17.9,比Q2产量高9.7。考虑土壤储水量、土壤硝态氮分布和玉米的产量,改水成数0.95可作为民勤地区春玉米畦灌灌水参数。如果从节水效果和玉米产量考虑,采用波涌灌溉灌水方式可以选择0.85改水成数。In order to investigate the effect of cut-off ratio,which was suitable for Minqin area of Gansu province,on spring corn growth under border irrigation conditions,a field experiment was conducted on the corn breed Xianyu 335 in 2018.In the furrow irrigation test,there were four treatments,namely Q1(cut-off ratio 0.85),Q2(cut-off ratio 0.90),Q3(cut-off ratio 0.95)and Q4(combination of two periods of surge irrigation and 0.85 of the cut-off ratio).The results showed that the larger the cut-off ratio,the more uniform the nitrogen distribution.The cut-off ratio affected the growth of corn by affecting the soil water storage and nitrate nitrogen in border irrigation.The uniformity and efficiency of irrigation in treatment Q3 and Q4 were higher.The difference in corn yield among the front,back parts of the border was caused by the change of water content in border irrigation.The smaller the cut-off ratio,the lower the back parts of the border corn yield.The yield and WUE of Q3 were the highest,which were 13563.6 kg/hm^2 and 2.7 kg/m^3,respectively.The yield of treatment Q3 was 17.9%higher than that of Q1 and 9.7%higher than that of Q2.Based on the comprehensive consideration of soil water storage,nitrate distribution and corn yield,the cut-off ratio of 0.95 can be recommended as irrigation parameter for spring maize border irrigation in Minqin area.If considering the effect of saving water and the yield of corn,the cut-off ratio of 0.85 can be selected by surge irrigation.

关 键 词：畦灌 改水成数 土壤储水量 硝态氮 波涌灌溉 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]