覆膜与施氮对花生生育中期叶绿素和光合特性的影响  

Effects of Film Mulching and Nitrogen Application on Chlorophyll and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Peanut at the Middle Growth Stage

作　　者：黄鹏 李援农[1] 谷晓博[1] 方恒 HUANG Peng;LI Yuan-nong;GU Xiao-bo;FANG Heng(Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas,Ministry of Education,Northwest A&F University,Xianyang 712100,Shaanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学,旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西咸阳712100

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2020年第2期32-36,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51979235);农业部公益性行业科研专项资助项目(201503105);陕西省农业科技创新集成推广项目(SXNYLSYF2019-01)。

摘　　要：为探究覆膜与施氮对花生生育中期叶绿素、光合特性的影响,设置不覆膜(B)和覆膜(F)与施氮水平(N0、N1、N2、N3、N4、N5)组合,研究不同组合处理对花生生育中期叶绿素、光合特性的影响规律。结果表明,花针期,与不施氮相比,施氮能提高叶绿素含量,B处理下叶绿素含量随施氮水平提高而提高,F处理下叶绿素含量随施氮水平提高呈先提高后保持稳定的变化趋势;施氮能提高净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率,施氮水平N4均达到峰值;相同施氮水平,覆膜能显著提高净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、胞间二氧化碳浓度;此时期施氮影响的效果较弱,覆膜发挥主导作用。结荚期,与不施氮相比,施氮能显著提高叶绿素、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度,施氮水平N2均达到峰值,说明0~120 kg/hm^2内,施氮水平和叶绿素、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度成相互促进的关系,而超过此范围,四者与施氮水平成抑制的关系。胞间二氧化碳浓度随施氮水平的增加先减小后增加,与净光合速率随施氮水平的变化趋势相反。相同施氮水平,覆膜能提高净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率,但较施氮影响更加微弱,远低于花针期内的提高效果,覆膜影响的效果减弱,施氮水平发挥主导作用。In order to explore the effects of film mulching and nitrogen application on chlorophyll and photosynthetic characteristics of peanut at the middle growth stage,in this study,the combination treatments of no film covering(B)and film covering(F)with nitrogen application levels(N0,N1,N2,N3,N4,N5)were set,the effects of different combination treatments on chlorophyll and photosynthetic characteristics in the middle growth period of peanut were compared and analyzed.The results showed that:Compared with nitrogen application level N0 treatment,nitrogen application could increase chlorophyll content at the anthesis stage.The chlorophyll content increased with the nitrogen application level under B treatment,and the chlorophyll content increased first and then remained stable with the nitrogen application level under F treatment.Nitrogen application could improve net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate,which reached its peak under N4 treatment.Under same nitrogen application level,the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration were significantly increased by film mulching.In this period,the effect of nitrogen application was weak,and film mulching played a leading role.In the podding periods,compared with nitrogen application level N0 treatment,nitrogen application could significantly improve chlorophyll,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance,which reached its peak under N2 treatment,this indicated that within the nitrogen application range of 0~120 kg/hm^2,nitrogen application level and chlorophyll,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were mutually promoted,beyond this range,the relationship between nitrogen application level and four was inhibited.Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration decreases first and then increases with the increase of nitrogen application level,the change trend of net photosynthetic rate with nitrogen application level was opposite,the ne

关 键 词：花生 覆膜 施氮:叶绿素 光合特性 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]