河西内陆区特色红枣节水型灌溉制度研究  

Study on Water-saving Irrigation Scheme of Characteristic Jujube in Hexi Inland Area

作　　者：王文娟[1] WANG Wen-juan(Gansu Research Institute for Water Conservancy,Lanzhou 730000, China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省水利科学研究院,兰州730000

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2020年第2期41-45,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：甘肃省水利科研与技术推广计划项目“河西内陆区特色红枣节水型灌溉制度研究”(201903);国家自然科学基金项目“双垄沟播喷灌垄-沟-膜孔界面水分汇流入渗特征与作物生理响应机制”(51769002);甘肃省重点研发计划项目“干旱绿洲区储水灌溉作用机理评价与节水型储水灌溉技术研究”(18YF1NA031);甘肃省重点人才项目“河西内陆区节水型储水灌溉技术试验研究”(甘组通字201939)。

摘　　要：主要讨论了滴灌、小管出流条件下,不同灌水处理对河西内陆区特色红枣的土壤水分分布规律、枣树生理、生态指标、耗水特性及产量的影响。主要结论有:同一灌水方式条件下,除丰水水平(W1)外,其他处理红枣在萌芽期、开花坐果期、果实膨大期的耗水量均随灌水量的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,说明适度的水分亏缺可以增强植株的抗衰老能力,延缓植株衰老时间,使红枣叶片在果实成熟期依然有较强的功能;从红枣萌芽展叶期至径粗生长停止,W1F2处理的茎粗生长最快,灌水方式水平对红枣横径增幅无明显影响,灌水量对其影响大致呈W1>W2>W3的规律;灌水量对红枣横纵径生长的影响呈极显著水平,中度胁迫(W2)处理最利于红枣粒径增长发育;相同水分条件下,滴灌红枣产量较小管出流红枣产量高,且中度胁迫(W2)水平下的灌水方式对红枣产量的影响最大;相同灌水方式水平下,红枣产量随水分亏缺程度的加强呈先增大后减小的趋势,中度胁迫(W2)水平时达最大。综合考虑红枣的生长指标、表观品质及其产量,灌水量为田间持水量的65~70,灌水方式为滴灌时,产量较高,对干旱区特色红枣影响较为明显,适宜在生产中推广应用。This paper mainly discusses the effects of different irrigation treatments on soil moisture distribution,physiological and ecological indicators,water consumption characteristics and yield of jujube trees in Hexi inland areas under drip irrigation and small tube outflow conditions.The main conclusions are as following:under the same irrigation method,except for the wet level(W1),the water consumption in the germination stage,flowering fruit setting period and fruit expansion period all increases first and then decreases with the increase of irrigation amount,indicating that moderate water deficit can enhance the anti-aging ability of the plant,delay the senescence time of the plant,and make the jujube leaves still have a strong function in the fruit ripening stage.From the sprouting stage of the red jujube to the stop of the stem growth,the stem growth of the W1F2 treatment is the fastest.The irrigation method has no obvious effect on the increase of transverse diameter of red jujube.The effect of irrigation amount on the transverse and longitudinal diameter growth of jujube is extremely significant,and moderate stress(W2)treatment is most beneficial to the growth and development of jujube grain size.Under the same water condition,the yield of red jujube under drip irrigation is higher than that under tube outflow,and the irrigation method under moderate stress level(W2 treatment)has the greatest impact on the yield of red jujube.At the same irrigation level,the yield of jujube increases first and then decreases with the enhancement of water deficit,and reaches the maximum at moderate stress level(W2 treatment).Considering the growth index,apparent quality and yield of jujube,the yield is higher when the irrigation amount is 55%~60%of the field water holding capacity and the irrigation method is drip irrigation.The irrigation scheme is suitable to be popularized in production.

关 键 词：河西内陆区 特色红枣 节水灌溉制度 小管出流 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程]