基于Saltmod的河套灌区节水条件下地下水动态变化分析  

Dynamics Analysis of Groundwater Under Water-saving Policy in Hetao Irrigation District Based on Saltmod

作　　者：成萧尧 毛威[1] 朱焱[1] 杨金忠[1] CHENG Xiao-yao;MAO Wei;ZHU Yan;YANG Jin-zhong(The State Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,武汉430072

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2020年第2期73-79,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0403301);内蒙古自治区水利科技计划项目(213-03-99-303002-NSK2017-M1)。

摘　　要：以内蒙古河套灌区为研究对象,基于水均衡模型Saltmod构建了灌区地下水动态预测模型,利用灌区2000-2013年多年实测地下水埋深和排水量对模型进行了率定和验证,采用验证后的模型预测了4种引水量和4种降雨情况下河套灌区地下水动态变化过程,4种引水量分别为45.1(现状)、42、40和36.4亿m^3,降雨量分别为现状条件的100、75、50和25。结果表明,Saltmod模型可以较好地运用于河套灌区地下水动态变化预测分析。在现状条件下,未来10年灌区地下水埋深和排水量基本保持稳定,当引水量下降时,灌区的地下水埋深小幅增加,排水量明显减少。4种降雨量情况下,当引水量为40亿m^3时,地下水埋深较现状条件依次增加0.02、0.06、0.09、0.12 m,排水量依次减少1.404、2.031、2.590、3.083亿m^3;当引水量为36.4亿m^3时,地下水埋深较现状条件依次增加0.04、0.08、0.10、0.13 m,排水量依次减少2.364、2.918、3.465、3.946亿m^3。可见,在引水量和降雨量同时减小时,灌区地下水埋深增加较大,排水大幅减少,降幅超过50,这将导致灌区盐分排泄减少,增加土壤盐渍化风险。可为确定维持灌区可持续发展的引水量阈值提供参考。In this paper,a water balance model based on Saltmod is developed for groundwater dynamics prediction under water-saving policy in Hetao Irrigation District.The climate information,diversion water,measured water table depth,and total drainage water data from 2000 to 2013 are used to calibrate and validate the model parameters.Then the validated model is used to predict the groundwater dynamics in Hetao Irrigation District in the next 10 years under four different annual water diversion,e.g,45.1(current condition),42,40,36.4×10^8 m^3,and 4 different precipitation,e.g,100%,75%,50%and 25%of current average precipitation.The results show that the model is accurate to be applied for groundwater dynamics and balance analysis.Under the current water diversion and precipitation condition,the water table depth and drainage water are stable as current.However,the water table depth will increase slightly and the drainage water will decrease obviously as water diversion decreases.The water table depth is impacted by the precipitation greatly.The water table depth will increase 0.02,0.06,0.09,0.12 m under the 100%,75%,50%and 25%of the current precipitation with 40×10^8 m^3 water diversion,and the value will be 0.04,0.08,0.10,0.13 m with 36.4×10^8 m^3 water diversion.The drainage will decrease significantly with the decreasing precipitation under the water-saving policy.The drainage water will decrease 1.404,2.031,2.590,3.083×10^8 m^3 under the 100%,75%,50%and 25%of the current precipitation with 40×10^8 m^3 water diversion,and the value will be 2.364,2.918,3.465,3.946 with 36.4×10^8 m^3 water diversion.The study results will provide a significant reference for the determination of the water diversion threshold which can maintain the sustainable development of Hetao Irrigation District.

关 键 词：河套灌区 Saltmod模型 地下水 排水 节水 

分 类 号：S273.4[农业科学—农业水土工程] TV211.12[农业科学—农业工程]