法官依法独立行使审判权的保障机制  

The Guarantee Mechanism of Judges'Judicial Independence in Accordance with the Law

作　　者：江国华[1] 赖彦君[1] JIANG Guo-hua;LAI Yen-chun(School of Law,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《哈尔滨工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第3期48-54,共7页Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金重点项目“中国特色案例制度与实践主义司法哲学研究”(16AZD025)。

摘　　要：最高人民法院为保障法官依法独立行使审判权,在司法责任制中实行一套贯穿审判程序的保障机制,指导各级法院进行改革试点工作。2019年最高人民法院发布《五五改革纲要》,总结试点经验并确立未来五年审判权保障机制的完善路径。在审前阶段,建立预防性保障机制,构建“随机分案为主、指定分案为辅”的分案制度,为法官审判独立提供预防性保护措施。在审理阶段,建立过程保障机制,以“类案检索机制”取代“案件请示审批制度”,并对领导干部插手司法活动作出禁止性规定。在审结阶段,建立裁判保障机制,通过完善法官责任监督体系,平衡法官审判的权利与责任,构建全方位的法官管理制度。In order to ensure the judicial independence granted by the law to judges,the Supreme People's Court has formed a set of guarantee mechanism throughout the judicial process in the judicial accountability system,and guided the reform pilot work of courts at all levels.In 2019,the Supreme People's Court issued the“Outline of the Fifth Five-Year Reform of the People's Court”,which summarized the experience of pilot projects and identified the path to improve the judicial power guarantee mechanism in the next five years.In the pre-trial stage,the preventive guarantee mechanism should be established,and the division system of“random cases as the majority and designated cases as supplement”should be established,so as to carry out preventive protection measures for the independence of judges.In the trial stage,a process guarantee mechanism should be established to replace the“case request and examination system”with the“case retrieval mechanism”,and forbid leading cadres to interfere in judicial activities.In the conclusion stage,the judge guarantee mechanism should be established,and an all-round judge management system should be constructed by perfecting the judge responsibility supervision system,balancing the judge s right and responsibility in trial.

关 键 词：司法改革 审判权 审判独立 审判权保障机制 

分 类 号：D926.2[政治法律—法学]