基于计算流体力学车辆抗性消声器结构分析  

Structural Analysis of Vehicle Resistant Muffler Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics

作　　者：范芳 张竹林[2] FAN Fang;ZHANG Zhu-lin(ChengduVocational&Technical College of Industry,Sichuan Chengdu610218,China;Shandong Jiaotong University,Shandong Ji’nan250000,China)

机构地区：[1]成都工业职业技术学院,四川成都610218 [2]山东交通学院,山东济南250000

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2020年第5期100-103,107,共5页Machinery Design & Manufacture

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(2016GGX105012)。

摘　　要：消声器是车辆发动机重要的减振降噪单元,同时增加的压损对整机的正常高效工作具有重要的影响。采用CFD和试验相结合的方法对中低频降噪的抗性消声器进行设计分析。根据抗性消声器的结构特性,对结构参数进行分析,基于分析结果对消声器的结构参数进行设计,并对扩张室、共振腔室和整体结构参数进行设计,基于某款发动机对参数进行设计;基于CFD建模仿真,对消声器的压损进行对比分析;基于消声器试验台对消声器消声效果和声频等性能进行分析。结果可知:消声器扩张比为2.5,满足设计要求;消音器进出口压力损失为1802.38Pa,设计值为1780Pa,二者之间的误差小于2%;消声器的降噪效果明显,入口处噪声在80dBA,而经过消声器降噪之后,主要在55dBA;在中低频带消声效果明显,尤其是在100Hz、900Hz和(1700~2200)Hz等,损失大,消声效果好,符合此类消声器的结构特点,表明设计是合理的。为此类设计提供重要参考。The muffler is an important vibration and noise reduction unit for vehicle engines and the increased pressure loss has an important impact on the normal and efficient operation of the whole machine. The muffler with medium and low frequency noise reduction was designed and analyzed by the combination of CFD and experiment. According to the structural characteristics of the resistant muffler,the structural parameters were analyzed,and the structural parameters of the muffler were designed based on the analysis results. The expansion chamber,resonant chamber and overall structural parameters were designed based on a certain engine. Based on CFD modeling and simulation,the pressure loss of the muffler was compared and analyzed. Based on the muffler test bench,the muffler effect and audio performance of the muffler were analyzed. The results show that the muffler expansion ratio is 2.5,which meets the design requirements. The pressure loss of the muffler inlet and outlet is 1802.38 Pa,the design value is 1780 Pa,and the error between the two is less than 2%. The noise reduction effect of the muffler is obvious,the noise at the entrance is 80 dBA,and after noise reduction by the muffler,mainly in 55 dBA. The noise reduction effect in the middle and low frequency bands is obvious,especially at 100 Hz,900 Hz and(1700~2200)Hz,etc.,the loss is large,the sound elimination effect is good,and the structural characteristics of such muffler are met,indicating that the design is reasonable. Provide an important reference for this type of design.

关 键 词：车辆 抗性消声器 计算流体力学 模型 试验 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TK402[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]