大型数控机床低应力高精度床身铸造技术  

Low Stress High Precision Casting Technology for Large Numerical Control Machine Bed Castings

作　　者：周长春 易涛[2] 李晓虎 范洪远 ZHOU Chang-chun;YI Tao;LI Xiao-hu;FAN Hong-yuan(Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials,Sichuan university,Sichuan Chengdu610064,China;Sichuan University,School of Manufacturing Science and Engineering,Sichuan Chengdu610065,China;Sichuan Jianyang Haite co.LTD.,Sichuan Chengdu610031,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学生物材料工程研究中心,四川成都610064 [2]四川大学制造科学与工程学院,四川成都610065 [3]四川简阳海特有限公司,四川成都610031

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2020年第5期159-162,共4页Machinery Design & Manufacture

基　　金：四川省科技厅重点项目(2018GZ0142);科技部国家重点计划研发项目(No.2018YFC1106800);四川省科技厅国际科技创新合作项目(2019YFH0079);“111”计划(B16033)。

摘　　要：以某公司生产的大型机床床身铸件为研究对象,研究通过在床身铸件铸造过程中,应用高频振动工艺控制铸件的凝固过程,改善铸件的金相组织和相组成均一性,进而改善床身铸件的尺寸精度。通过高频振动对大型床身铸件进行凝固晶粒细化消除内应力根源,同时应用热处理时效进一步进行应力消除,再利用盲孔法检测铸件的残余应力。利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察材料的显微结构,并进行相应的相结构和成分分析。结果显示,床身铸件应用振动凝固工艺,有效地消除工件内部的残余应力,经振动凝固可有避免凝固过程中的残余应力28.72%。床身铸件经热时效处理后,应力消除92.64%。综合应用振动凝固工艺及热处理时效之后,其II类残余应力有效消除≥95%。它为生产该类型产品提供技术参考和指导。Taking the large machine tool bed castings produced by a company as the research object. This study aims to improve the dimensional accuracy of bed castings by using high frequency vibration technology to control the solidification process of large bed castings. The internal stress source of large bed castings was eliminated by solidification grain refinement through vibration solidification,and the stress was further eliminated by heat treatment aging. The residual stress of the castings was detected by blind hole method. The microstructure of the material was observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The phase structure and composition were analyzed. Vibration solidification technology was used to eliminate the residual stress in the bed castings,and 28.72% of residual stress in the solidification process could be avoided by vibration solidification. After thermal aging treatment,the stress of bed casting was reduced by 92.64%,After application of vibration solidification and heat treatment aging,the residual stress of class II can be effectively eliminated 95%. It provides reference and guiding for producing of large bed castings products.

关 键 词：大型床身铸件 振动凝固 热时效 残余应力 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]