论现代个体自由与人的解放——从《论犹太人问题》看国家治理现代化的意义  

On Modern Individual Freedom and Human Emancipation——Understanding the Modernization of National Governance System through On the Jewish Question

作　　者：李灵婕 Li Lingjie(School of Philosophy,Fudan,University Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院,上海200433

出　　处：《教学与研究》2020年第4期48-54,共7页Teaching and Research

摘　　要：在与鲍威尔的论战性文章《论犹太人问题》中,马克思批判了鲍威尔对基督教国家和人权自由关系的论证。通过批判性地吸收了鲍威尔对宗教的理解,马克思将德国的宗教问题理解为现代政治的神学表达,创造性地将这种宗教意识转换到现代国家与市民社会的关系之中。真正的基督教国家是现代政治国家的完成形式,个人的自由具有纯粹的形式性特征。究其根本,在于现代国家只是完成了的政治解放,无产阶级革命的任务要推动真正的人的自由,实现人的解放。这一思想对中国的国家治理具有借鉴意义。In the famous controversial article On the Jewish Question,Marx criticized Bauer’s argument on the Christian state and human rights.Critically accepting Bauer’s understanding of religion,Marx interpreted the religious problem in German as a theologian expression of modern politics.Moreover,he transferred it to the field of relation of modern state and bourgeois society which cultivated this religious consciousness.As a result,the real Christian state was the completion of modern political state.The freedom it gave to its member was of pure form.Thus,religion degraded to the private intensified this phenomenon.What caused this consequence was that the political modern state onlyachieved political emancipation,not human emancipation.To realize the true human freedom must call for proletarian revolution.

关 键 词：基督教国家 人权 政治解放与人的解放 无产阶级革命 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] D630[政治法律—政治学]