胶州湾营养盐的长期变化及其生态效应  

Long-Term Changes of Nutrients and Their Ecological Effects in the Jiaozhou Bay

作　　者：徐菡悦 王保栋 辛明 孙霞 王宗兴 陈衎 谢琳萍 林春野[3] XU Han-yue;WANG Bao-dong;XIN Ming;SUN Xia;WANG Zong-xing;CHEN Kan;XIE Lin-ping;LIN Chun-ye(Marine Ecological Rearch Center, First Institute of Oceanograghy, MNR, Qingdao 266061, China;Key Lab of Science and Engineering for Marine Ecological Environment, MNR, Qingdao 266061, China;School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部第一海洋研究所海洋生态研究中心,山东青岛266061 [2]自然资源部海洋生态环境与工程重点实验室,山东青岛266061 [3]北京师范大学环境学院,北京100875

出　　处：《海洋科学进展》2020年第2期276-286,共11页Advances in Marine Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会-山东省人民政府联合基金项目——山东近海入海污染物行为过程与环境效应(U1706217);海洋生态与环境科学(U1606404)。

摘　　要：依据改革开放40 a来胶州湾营养盐状况历史资料以及2018—2019年的现场调查,对胶州湾营养盐历史变化过程及其生态效应进行了系统分析。结果表明:营养盐的浓度变化大致以2008年为分界节点,在2008年前胶州湾溶解无机氮(DIN)浓度呈现持续上升趋势,而溶解无机磷(DIP)、活性硅酸盐(DSi)浓度则先略有减少后快速增加;2008年后胶州湾3种营养盐浓度均快速减少。营养盐限制状况由20世纪80年代初期的氮限制、20世纪90年代的硅限制转变为目前的磷限制。胶州湾Chl a年均质量浓度一直在3μg·L^-1上下波动但近年来则呈下降趋势,浮游动物生物量1994年后大幅度增加。分析发现,入湾营养盐通量的增加和海域面积缩小是2008年前胶州湾营养盐浓度增加的主要原因,而近十几年来胶州湾环境综合整治措施的大力实施则是氮、磷营养盐浓度减少的主要原因。2010年以前贝类养殖是控制胶州湾浮游植物生物量的主要因素,但近年来溶解无机磷浓度的减少和浮游动物生物量的增加是Chl a质量浓度呈下降趋势的主要原因。This paper systematically analyzes the historical evolution and ecological effects of nutrient status in Jiaozhou Bay in the past 40 years of reform and open.The results showed that the DIN concentration increased continually in the Jiaozhou Bay before 2008,while the DIP and DSi concentrations decreased slightly and then increased rapidly in the same period.Since 2008,the concentrations of nutrients decreased rapidly in the Jiaozhou Bay.The nutrient limitation shifted from nitrogen limitation in the early 1980s to silicon limitation in the 1990s,and finally to phosphorus limitation in recent years.The annual average concentration of chlorophyll a has been fluctuating around 3μg·L^-1 in the Jiaozhou Bay,but it has decreased in recent years.The zooplankton biomass increased significantly since 1994 compared with the previousyears.Analysis found that the increase of nutrient fluxes and the reduction of sea area in the bay are the main reasons for the increase of nutrient concentrations in the Jiaozhou Bay.In recent years,the implementation of comprehensive environmental remediation measures are the main reason for the reduction of N and P fluxes to the Jiaozhou Bay.Before 2010,shellfish culture was the main factor controlling the biomass of phytoplankton in the Jiaozhou Bay.However,the decrease of dissolved inorganic phosphorus concentration and the increase of zooplankton biomass are the main reasons for the decline of chlorophyll concentration in recent years.

关 键 词：营养盐 叶绿素 长期变化 生态效应 胶州湾 

分 类 号：P734.4[天文地球—海洋化学]