殷墟锡衣仿铜陶礼器的发现与研究  

THE DISCOVERY OF TIN-COATED BRONZE VESSEL-IMITATING CERAMICS AT YINXU

作　　者：郭梦[1] 何毓灵[2] 李建西 吴萌蕾 Guo Meng;He Yuling;Li Jianxi;Wu Mcnglei

机构地区：[1]西北大学文化遗产学院,西安710069 [2]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100101 [3]陕西省考古研究院,西安710054

出　　处：《考古学报》2020年第2期291-308,I0064-I0067,共22页Acta Archaeologica Sinica

摘　　要：目次一发现情况二涂层分析三性质与工艺四锡衣意义五锡衣与仿铜陶礼器一发现情况在殷墟文化四期晚段,随葬品中出现了一种特殊的仿铜陶礼器,其形态、纹饰、组合均与铜礼器相同或极近。这类器物基本都是酒器或食器,有鼎、簋、■、觚、爵、尊、觯、卣、■、 、■共十一种[1]。殷墟西区[2]、大司空村[3]、苗圃北地[4]、四盘磨[5]、小屯西二区[6]、八里庄东[7]、梅园庄南地[8]、郭家庄[9]、刘家庄南地[10]等地点都有出土。Tests by using aportable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer,super deep scene microscope,X-ray diffractome,scanning electron microscope and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer suggest the existence of a coating of tin-oxide products on the surfaces of the fourth-period Yinxu grave ceramics,which were specially produced to imitate the shapes of bronze ritual vessels and used for funerary needs.The remains tested consist of cassiterite,romarchite and copper-tin alloy particles,which are believed to be the result of a prolonged oxidation of metal tin in burial contexts.Ceramics like these are referred to,in this study,as xiyi tao,or tin-coated potteries.This is the first time that tin-oxide compound has been observed on ceramics in Yinxu.A preliminary study suggests that the Shang dynasty artisans had first covered the surface of ceramics with tinfoil,which formed the tin coatings.The tin-coating techniques led to a metallic brilliancy and therefore made these vessels good alternatives to real bronze ritual vessels.Tin-coated bronze vessel-imitating ceramics are considered to be an intermediate between real ritual bronzes and miniature ritual vessels made of lead specifically designed and produced for burial use only.After the Shang’s defeat by the Zhou,Shang descendants kept using such tin-coated ceramics in burials,as evidenced in their graves discovered in the Zhouyuan areas,which shows a clear ritual continuity from the Shang to the Zhou.Tin-coated ceramics imitating bronze ritual vessels were also discovered in the Chustyle graves dating from the Warring States period to the Han period.According to what is recorded in the Qiance,or the Burial Goods List,written on bamboo slips found in the huge Western Han dynasty grave at Mawangdui,such ceramics were called‘xi tu’(lit.tin daubing)by the Western Han people.That said,the similarities and differences in materials,source,and techniques employed between the‘xi tu’and those used in the Shang and Western Zhou burials remain unclear.

关 键 词：大司空村 殷墟文化 郭家庄 仿铜陶礼器 铜礼器 发现与研究 小屯 随葬品 

分 类 号：K876.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]