黄河源区积雪变化特征及其对春季径流的影响  

Variation of Snow Cover and its Influence on Spring Runoff in the Source Region of Yellow River

作　　者：刘晓娇 陈仁升 刘俊峰[1,2] 王希强 张宝贵[4] 刘国华 LIU Xiaojiao;CHEN Rensheng;LIU Junfeng;WANG Xiqiang;ZHANG Baogui;LIU Guohua(Qilian Alpine Ecology and Hydrology Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Institute of Geographicial Science,Taiyuan Normal University,Jinzhong 030619,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院黑河上游生态-水文试验研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]太原师范学院地理科学学院,山西晋中030619

出　　处：《高原气象》2020年第2期226-233,共8页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41690141,41671029,41877163)。

摘　　要：基于1978-2016年积雪、气象和径流资料,采用Mann-Kendall检验法、线性分析法及敏感性公式,分析了黄河源区积雪变化特征及其对春季径流的影响。结果表明:(1)黄河源区表现出积雪初日推迟、终日提前、积雪期缩短和积雪日数减少趋势,其中,积雪初日、终日与积雪期分别通过了p<0.05、p<0.05及p<0.01的显著性检验。(2)年均雪深1978-2016年无明显变化趋势,但自21世纪以来呈显著上升趋势,且通过了p<0.1的显著性检验。(3)黄河源区积雪日数对春季径流的影响较积雪深度显著。积雪日数、积雪深度平均变化1%,将分别引起春季径流变化0.60%和0.25%。因4月和5月份平均气温升高,积雪大量融化,故4月和5月径流对积雪变化敏感性较3月径流大。(4)降水和温度的不同组合引起积雪变化,导致春季径流的不同响应。气候变暖环境下,黄河源区融雪径流提前,表现为3月径流呈上升趋势,4月和5月径流呈下降趋势,但同时也因区域大气水汽含量变化,导致春季各月径流及春季径流自21世纪以来呈上升趋势。Snow cover is an important component of cryosphere,and strongly affects the hydrology and climate.The eastern part of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,one of the three major snow-covered areas in China,is the source region of Yellow River,which has great impact on both climate change and water resource system.Based on the Yellow River source region data of snow depth,meteorological and measured runoff from 1978 to 2016,the characteristics of snow cover and its influence on spring runoff of this area were studied through the Mann-Kendall test,linear analysis and correlation analysis.The results showed that:(1)From 1978 to 2016,the source region of Yellow River revealed a tendency of a delayed initial snow date,forwarded final snow date,and declination of both duration and number of snow days.Particularly,the initial snow date,the final snow date and the duration of snow days passed the significant tests of p<0.05,p<0.05 and p<0.01,respectively.(2)The annual average snow depth had no significant change from 1978 to 2016 in this area.However,it showed a significant upward trend since the end of the 21 century and passed the significance test of p<0.1.(3)In general,compared with the snow depth,the number of snow days has more impact on the spring runoff in the source region of Yellow River.More specifically,according to the sensitivity analysis of the data from 1978 to 2016,1%change of the of snow day number would induce of 0.60%spring runoff change,while the same amount change of the snow depth would only induce 0.25%spring runoff change.In addition,the spring runoff in April and May is more sensitive to snow cover change than March due to the increased average temperature and the larger amount of melted snow.(4)Different precipitation and temperature generates different snow cover,which results different responses to spring runoff.The snowmelt runoff is advanced under the climate warming,which shows an upward runoff trend in March while a downward trend in April and May.Meanwhile,due to the change of the regional atmosp

关 键 词：黄河源区 积雪变化 春季径流 积雪日数 积雪深度 

分 类 号：P426.635[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]