标准化的多样性:云南哈尼梯田文化景观的世界遗产话语和“去地方化”进程  

The Standardization of Diversity:The World Heritage Discourse and the“Delocalization”of Cultural Landscape of Hani Rice Terraces

作　　者：燕海鸣 解立 YAN Hai-ming;XIE Li(Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage,Beijing,100029;Chinese National Committee for the International Council on Monuments and Sites,Beijing,100029)

机构地区：[1]中国文化遗产研究院,北京100029 [2]中国古迹遗址保护协会,北京100029

出　　处：《东南文化》2020年第2期6-12,共7页Southeast Culture

摘　　要：文化景观的概念与实践是世界遗产体系不断与时俱进,并且呼应“文化多样性”诉求的一个产物。云南红河哈尼梯田文化景观于2013年列入《世界遗产名录》,一方面体现出对应着“文化多样性”而表述的“哈尼性”特征,另一方面也被统合进中华文明多元一体的“国族话语”体系之中。同时,作为旨在保护“突出普遍价值”的世界遗产,对于哈尼梯田的价值阐述,又需要将其“哈尼性”“国族性”与世界遗产的普世性相勾连。尤其具有挑战性的,是这种国际语境中的“文化多样性”象征又不得不与中国当下的农村凋敝、人口流失、村落遗产衰落等“乡愁叙事”相纠葛。梳理哈尼梯田作为世界遗产在中国政治、经济、社会语境下的话语体系,有助于理解世界遗产所致力的文化多样性,去探索弥合国际话语和国内语境的巨大鸿沟,消解社会发展带来的“乡愁”。The evolution of the cultural landscape as a concept and practice is the result of the continu ous development of the World Heritage system and its response to the global appeal for cultural diversity.Yunnan Honghe Hani Rice Terrace Cultural Landscape was inscribed onto the World Heritage List in 2013,which on one hand demonstrates the“Hani-ness”in line with the emphasis on“cultural diversity”,and on the other hand is integrated in a larger“nation-state”narrative of the"pluralistic unity”of Chinese civiliza tion.Meanwhile,as a World Heritage site with“outstanding universal value”,the interpretation of the value of Hani Rice Terrace is required to connect its“Hani-ness”and“nationality”with the“outstanding univer sal value”of World Heritage.What’s particularly challenging is that the representation of“cultural diversi ty”in this international context will have to confront with the contemporary“nostalgia”narratives of rural China mixed with all the rural problems such as the economic decline and the de-population in rural areas.Looking into the complex narratives of Hani Rice Terrace as World Heritage in its political,social and eco nomic contexts in China helps identify the enormous gap existing between the international and national nar ratives on“cultural diversity”,which World Heritage strives for,and also helps find the path in filling the gap and healing the“nostalgia”.

关 键 词：文化景观 世界遗产 文化多样性 哈尼梯田 “去地方化” 

分 类 号：C91[经济管理] G112[社会学]