蔬菜穴盘育苗精量播种机研究  

Study on vegetable tray precision seeder

作　　者：杨昌敏[1] 庄文化[2] 徐一[1] 唐波[1] 魏鼎才 彭晓琴[1] Yang Changmin;Zhuang Wenhua;Xu Yi;Tang Bo;Wei Dingcai;Peng Xiaoqin(Sichuan Research&Design Institute of Agricultural Machinery,Chengdu,610066,China;Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower,Sichuan University,Chengdu,610066,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业机械研究设计院,成都市610066 [2]四川大学水利水电学院,成都市610066

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2020年第2期13-18,共6页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：农业技术试验示范与服务支持项目(121821301064072318)。

摘　　要：针对小粒径蔬菜种子穴盘育苗播种精度差、效率低等问题,测试三种蔬菜种子的形状尺寸、千粒重、休止角、孔隙度,设计滚筒直径,吸孔大小、孔型、排列等关键结构参数,研制一种穴盘育苗精量播种机。该机采用气力式滚筒播种,步进电机加同步带传动,提高播种效率和精度。针对试制的播种机,以油菜种子为试验对象,选择真空度、气室正压力和滚筒转速三因素做正交试验,并对试验结果进行极差和方差分析。试验结果表明:在真空度4.0 kPa,气室正压力3.0 kPa,滚筒转速14 r/min时,播种机单粒率94.06%,重播率3.11%,漏播率2.83%,满足穴盘育苗精量播种的精度和效率要求。Aiming at the problems such as poor precision and low efficiency of small-size vegetable seeds, the shape and size, thousand-grain weight, Angle of repose and porosity of three kinds of vegetable seeds were tested, and the key structural parameters such as drum diameter, size of suction hole, hole shape and arrangement were designed, and a precise seed seeder of small-size vegetable seeds was developed. The machine adopts pneumatic cylinder seeding, stepper motor and synchronous belt transmission;improve the efficiency and precision seeding. Aiming at the seed planter in trial production, three factors including vacuum degree, positive pressure of air chamber and rotating speed of drum were selected for orthogonal test, and range and variance analysis were carried out on the test results. The test results show that: when the vacuum degree is 4.0 kPa, the positive pressure of air chamber is 3.0 kPa, and the drum speed is 14 r/min, the single grain rate of the seeder is 94.06%, the replay rate is 3.11%, and the missed sowing rate is 2.83%, which can meet the requirements of precision and efficiency of the precision seeding of the hole and dish seedling.

关 键 词：蔬菜种子 物理特性 排种器 穴盘育苗 精量播种 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]