钢中非金属夹杂物控制技术发展现状及展望  

Present State and Prospect of Inclusion Control in Steel

作　　者：郄亚娜 王岩 李丽丽 李秋京 Qie Ya'na;Wang Yan;Li Lili;Li Qiujing(College of Metallurgy and Energy,Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallurgy Technology,North China Univers让y of Science and Technology;Qianan College,North China University of Science and Technology)

机构地区：[1]华北理工大学冶金与能源学院 教育部现代冶金技术重点实验室 [2]华北理工大学迁安学院

出　　处：《特种铸造及有色合金》2020年第4期373-378,共6页Special Casting & Nonferrous Alloys

摘　　要：钢中夹杂物的数量、尺寸、分布规律对钢产品质量有较大影响,因此,控制钢中非金属夹杂物是冶炼高品质洁净钢、提升产品品质的关键。通过对钢中非金属夹杂物性质、来源入手,分析了夹杂物碰撞、聚合长大、上浮及去除机理,同时对气泡吸附、电磁净化、过滤分离等夹杂物控制技术进行了对比分析,并对氧化物冶金技术发展现状进行了介绍。研究表明,气泡法与过滤法是以气泡和过滤器为媒介对钢水中夹杂进行吸附、捕捉并促进其进入渣相;电磁净化法借助电磁场离心力增加夹杂物碰撞、聚集长大的几率,但设备较为复杂,其应用受电力资源供给限制;夹杂物改性技术是将高熔点夹杂变性生成低熔点夹杂,促进夹杂物上浮,其操作简单,但容易造成钢水的二次污染。氧化物冶金技术通过改变夹杂物大小、形状和分布来钉扎和抑制高温下奥氏体晶粒的长大,避免粗大晶粒的形成,从而实现细化组织、提高钢的强度和韧性的目的。氧化物冶金技术为夹杂物的控制提供了新思路,具有重要的应用前景。The quantity,size and dispersion of inclusions in steel have great influence on the quality of steel product.It is key to smelting high-quality clean steel and improving product quality by controlling nonmetallic inclusion in steel.Based on the behavior of inclusions in steel,the mechanism and application characteristics of various inclusion removal technologies were reviewed.Among them,bubble method and filter method were used to adsorb,capture and promote inclusions in molten steel into slag phase through bubbles and filters.Electromagnetic purification method can increase the probability of inclusions collision and coagulation by means of centrifugal force of electromagnetic field,and its application is limited by electric power resources due to complex equipment.By the inclusion modification technology which is to transform high melting point inclusions into low melting point inclusions,the inclusion floating can be promoted.The inclusion modification is easy to operate,however it also lead to secondary pollution of molten steel.Oxide metallurgy technology is pointed out that the inclusions are refined to pin and restrain the growth of austenite grains at high temperature by changing the size,shape and distribution of inclusions,and to avoid the formation of coarse grains as well as refining the structure and improving the strength and toughness of steel.The technology of this method provides a new idea for inclusion control with potential application prospects.

关 键 词：洁净钢冶炼 铸坯质量 非金属夹杂物 控制技术 

分 类 号：TF769[冶金工程—钢铁冶金] TG142.13[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]