不同夏玉米品种产量和氮肥利用的水氮调控效应  

Regulation Effect of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization for Summer Maize Cultivars with Different Genotypes

作　　者：张美微[1] 刘京宝[1] 李川[1] 黄璐 张盼盼 李萍 牛军 郭国俊[1] 陈京仑 宇婷 乔江方[1] ZHANG Mei-wei;LIU Jing-bao;LI Chuan;HUANG Lu;ZHANG Pan-pan;LI Ping;NIU Jun;GUO Guo-jun;CHEN Jing-lun;YU Ting;QIAO Jiang-fang(The Cereal Crops Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,郑州450002

出　　处：《玉米科学》2020年第2期143-150,共8页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD030110,2017YFD0300407,2018YFD0300702,2018YFD0200605);国家自然基金项目(31701368)。

摘　　要：研究不同水氮处理对20个夏玉米品种产量及其构成、干物质积累量、收获指数和氮肥农学利用效率的影响。结果表明,品种、灌水和氮肥对产量性状、干物质积累量、收获指数和氮肥农学利用效率均有显著影响,灌水对产量及其构成、收获指数和干物质积累量的影响大于品种和氮肥,氮肥对氮肥农学利用效率的影响最大。夏玉米品种在产量及其构成、干物质积累量、收获指数和氮肥农学利用效率方面均存在差异,氮肥农学利用效率在品种间的变异系数最大。灌水处理显著增加夏玉米产量、干物质积累量、收获指数和氮肥农学利用效率,氮肥施用显著提高夏玉米产量和干物质积累量,降低氮肥农学利用效率,不同处理间无显著差异。综合灌水和氮肥对夏玉米产量、干物质积累量、收获指数和氮肥农学利用效率的影响,在总施氮量为150 kg/hm2,分别在大喇叭口期和吐丝期按75 mm灌溉量进行灌溉可获得最佳产量和氮肥农学利用效率。The objective of this study was to study the effect of different irrigation and nitrogen(N) fertilizer treatments on yield characteristics and nitrogen utilization for twenty summer maize cultivars in Huang-Huai-Hai region. The result showed that there was the significant influence of cultivar, irrigation and N fertilizer treatment on yield and its components, dry matter accumulation, harvest index and agronomic efficiency of applied N. The effect of irrigation on yield and its components, dry matter accumulation, harvest index was greater than that of cultivar and N fertilizer, while N fertilizer had the most significant influence on the agronomic efficiency of applied N in all the factors. There were significant differences in all indexes among the three categories cultivars. The highest variable coefficient was found in the agronomic efficiency of applied N among all cultivars. Irrigation of W1 treatment increased yield, dry matter accumulation, harvest index, and agronomic efficiency of applied N. And N fertilizer applied also improved yield and dry matter accumulation, while decreased agronomic efficiency of applied N. There was no significant influence between N1 and N2 treatment. Considering both yield and agronomic efficiency of applied N, the treatment of W1 N1, which applied N fertilizer with 150 kg N/ha and irrigated twice at flare opening and spinning stages with 75 mm precipitation was appropriate in Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize area.

关 键 词：夏玉米 品种 水氮调控 产量 干物质积累量 氮肥农学利用效率 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]