基于专利数据的中美人工智能创新能力比较研究  

A Comparative Study on the Creativity of Artificial intelligence Between China and the US Based on Patent data

作　　者：聂洪光[1] 范海荣 Nie Hongguang;Fan Hairong(Changchun University of Science and Technology,School of Economics and Management,Jilin Changchun,130022,China)

机构地区：[1]长春理工大学经济管理学院,吉林长春130022

出　　处：《中国科技论坛》2020年第5期154-162,共9页Forum on Science and Technology in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(71503026);吉林省哲学社会科学基金项目(2018JD52)。

摘　　要：本文以专利检索数据为基础,从创新水平和创新潜力两个方面对中美两国的人工智能创新能力进行比较研究。通过比较两国的创新水平发现:中国的人工智能专利在总量上已经超过美国成为全球第一,但其专利国际化水平不高,PCT专利数量远远落后于美国;专利分布不合理,主要集中在应用层,基础层和技术层存在短板。美国人工智能相关专利国际化水平高、分布合理,基础层发展扎实,技术层发展平稳,基础层和技术层的基础研发能力可以支撑应用层的长期发展。进一步比较两国的创新潜力发现:中国的基础层和技术层未来发展潜力较大,在一定程度上可以弥补目前人工智能在基础层和技术层的短板。可以预见,未来随着中国人工智能基础层和技术层的快速发展,中国不仅可以在专利数量方面超越美国,人工智能整体创新能力与美国的差距也将会逐渐缩小。Base on patent data,we make a comparative study on the creativity of Artificial intelligence(AI)between China and the US from perspectives of innovation level and innovation potential.The result shows that China has surpassed the US and become a country with the largest number of related patents.However,China s patent internationalization level is not high,and the PCT number is far behind that of the United States.In addition,China s patent distribution is unreasonable,the ability to innovation is mainly concentrated in the applied layer,the basic layer and technological layer are obviously insufficient.Oppositely,The United States has a high level of internationalization and reasonable distribution of AI-related patents.The basic layer develops solidly,and the technical layer develops steadily,which can support the long-term development of the application layer.By further comparing the innovation potential of AI between the two countries,it is found that China s basic layer and technological layer have great potential for future development,which can make up for the disadvantages of China s AI in this fields to some extent.It is foreseeable that in the future,with the rapid development of China s basic layer and technological layer of AI,China can not only surpass the US in the number of patents,but also narrow the gap of the overall innovation level of AI with the US.

关 键 词：人工智能 创新能力 创新潜力 中国 美国 

分 类 号：F061.2[经济管理—政治经济学]