黄河三角洲盐碱地不同植被模式的土壤改良效应  

Soil amelioration of different vegetation types in saline-alkali land of the Yellow River Delta,China

作　　者：孙佳 夏江宝[2] 苏丽 赵西梅[2] 陈印平[2] 岳喜元 李传荣[1] SUN Jia;XIA Jiang bao;SU Li;ZHAO Xi mei;CHEN Yin ping;YUE Xi yuan;LI Chuan rong(College of Forestry,Shandong Agricultural University,Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station/Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River,Tai’an 271018,Shandong,China;Binzhou University/Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta,Binzhou 256603,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学林学院/泰山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站/黄河下游森林培育国家林业和草原局重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]滨州学院/山东省黄河三角洲生态环境重点实验室,山东滨州256603

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2020年第4期1323-1332,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31770761,31370702);山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2017CXGC0316);山东省林业科技创新项目(2019LY006);泰山学者工程专项经费资助。

摘　　要：黄河三角洲是我国滨海盐碱地的重要分布区,种植植被是盐碱地绿色改良的主要生态修复措施。为探讨滨海盐碱地不同植被模式的土壤改良效应,探索适宜植被模式,选取黄河三角洲盐碱地竹柳+NyPa草、旱柳+NyPa草、柽柳+紫花苜蓿、白蜡+柽柳+紫花苜蓿4种林草措施为研究对象,以纯竹柳为对照,测定土壤水分物理参数、盐碱含量、土壤养分及微生物数量等20个指标,并利用主成分分析、聚类分析和模糊数学隶属函数等统计方法评价了不同植被模式的土壤改良效应。结果表明:林草复合模式可显著改善滨海盐碱地的土壤理化性能,增加土壤孔隙度和贮水量,降低土壤密度,提高土壤有机质、速效养分含量和土壤微生物数量。其中,白蜡+柽柳+紫花苜蓿的乔灌草混交模式在压碱抑盐、增加土壤养分和微生物数量的效果最好,而旱柳+NyPa草的乔草混交模式改良土壤水分物理性能的效果最好。不同植被模式对黄河三角洲滨海盐碱地的综合改良效应表现为白蜡+柽柳+紫花苜蓿>旱柳+NyPa草>竹柳+NyPa草>柽柳+紫花苜蓿。Yellow River Delta is an important distribution area of coastal saline-alkali land in China.Revegetation is the main technology for ecological restoration during saline-alkali land amelioration.To explore the effects of different vegetation types on soil improvement in saline-alkali land and get the suitable model in the Yellow River Delta,four tree-grass compound models,Salix americana+Distichlis spicata,S.matsudana+D.spicata,Tamarix chinensis+Medicago sativa,and Fraxinus chinensis+T.chinensis+M.sativa,were set up,with pure S.americana forest as the control.Twenty indicators,including soil moisture physical parameters,saline-alkali content,soil nutrient contents,and microorganism quantity etc.were measured.Principal component analysis,cluster analysis and fuzzy mathematics were used to evaluate soil modification effect of different vegetation combinations.The results showed that all compound models significantly improved soil physical and che-mical properties in coastal saline-alkali land by increasing soil porosity,soil water storage,soil organic matter content,available nutrient content and soil microorganism quantity and reducing soil density.Among all the models,the tree-shrub-grass mixed model of F.chinensis+T.chinensis+M.sativa was the most effective in inhibiting salt and alkali stress and increasing soil nutrients and microorganism abundance,whereas the tree-grass mixed model of S.matsudana+D.spicata was the most effective in improving soil water physical properties.The combined effects of different vegetation patterns on soil amelioration in coastal saline-alkali land of the Yellow River Delta were arranged in order of F.chinensis+T.chinensis+M.sativa>S.matsudana+D.spicata>S.americana+D.spicata>T.chinensis+M.sativa.

关 键 词：林草措施 土壤孔隙 土壤养分 土壤微生物 土壤盐分 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]