兰州市某交通干道土壤重金属分布特征及其对绿化植物的影响  

Distribution characteristics of heavy metals in soil and its influence on greening plants in a main road of Lanzhou City,Northwest China

作　　者：徐玉玲 冯巩俐 蒋晓煜 刘娜[1] 李嘉敏 黎桂英 杨颖丽[1] XU Yu ling;FENG Gong li;JIANG Xiao yu;LIU Na;LI Jia min;LI Gui ying;YANG Ying li(College of Life Sciences,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学生命科学学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2020年第4期1341-1348,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860176);甘肃省重点研发计划项目(144FKCA059)资助。

摘　　要：为研究交通运输造成的重金属污染特征及潜在生态风险,选取兰州市某交通干道,利用原子吸收分光光度计检测了金属元素的含量,并利用单因子指数法和潜在生态风险指数法评价了土壤污染程度和潜在生态风险,进而分析了土壤重金属污染对绿化植物叶绿素和Ca含量的影响。结果表明:城市交通导致土壤重金属Cr、Mn、Zn、Cu和Ni的含量均显著增高,且Cr、Pb和Cu达到了中度污染,潜在生态风险排序为Cu>Pb>Cr>Ni>Zn>Mn;槐树、月季、紫叶李和冬青卫矛对交通源重金属Pb、Mn、Zn、Ni等表现出不同程度的积聚作用;落叶植物槐树、月季和紫叶李叶片中叶绿素含量表现为路侧采样点>对照点,而常绿植物冬青卫矛和侧柏的叶绿素含量为对照点>路侧采样点,所有绿化植物叶片中Ca含量表现为路侧采样点>对照点,高的叶绿素和Ca含量可能有利于绿化植物在土壤重金属污染环境中生存。交通运输导致研究区域土壤中重金属Cr、Mn、Zn、Cu和Ni等的积累;槐树、月季、紫叶李和冬青卫矛等对Pb、Mn、Zn和Ni具有不同程度的积聚作用,可推荐为相应重金属污染土壤绿化植物。To investigate the characteristics of heavy metal pollution caused by traffic and its potential ecological risks,we measured the amount of metal elements in samples collected from a traffic trunk road in Lanzhou City with atomic absorption spectrophotometer.The single factor index method and potential ecological risk index method were used to evaluate the degree of pollution and potential ecological risks,and then the effects of heavy metal pollution on chlorophyll and calcium(Ca)contents in greening plants were analyzed.The results showed that the amount of heavy metals including chromium(Cr),manganese(Mn),zinc(Zn),copper(Cu)and nickel(Ni)in the soils increased significantly,with Cr,Cu and Pb reaching moderate pollution level.The degree of potential ecological risk was Cu>Pb>Cr>Ni>Zn>Mn.Sophora japonica,Rosa chinesis,Prunus ceraifera,and Euonymus japonicas showed different accumulation effects on Pb,Mn,Zn,and Ni.The content of chlorophyll in the leaves of deciduous species S.japonica,R.chinesis and P.ceraifera was higher in the roadside sampling point than that in the control point,while the pattern was just the opposite in evergreen species E.japonicas and P.orientalis.Foliar Ca content of greening plants in the roadside sampling point was higher than that in the control point,suggesting that high chlorophyll and Ca contents might be beneficial to plant survival in the heavy metal contaminated area.Taken together,traffic operation led to the accumulation of heavy metals(Cr,Mn,Zn,Cu,and Ni)in the soil of the study area.S.japonica,R.chinesis,P.ceraifera and E.japonicas could accumulate Pb,Mn,Zn and Ni,which could be used as greening plants in soils polluted by those heavy metals.

关 键 词：土壤 绿化植物 重金属污染 交通干道 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S731[农业科学—林学]