黄土高原半干旱区不同种植年限紫花苜蓿人工草地土壤微生物和线虫群落特征  

Characteristics of soil microbial and nematode communities under artificial Medicago sativa grasslands with different cultivation years in semi-arid region of Loess Plateau,Northwest China

作　　者：耿德洲 黄菁华 霍娜[1,2] 王楠[1,2] 杨盼盼 赵世伟 GENG De zhou;HUANG Jing hua;HUO Na;WANG Nan;YANG Pan pan;ZHAO Shi wei(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences&Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2020年第4期1365-1377,共13页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31500449);国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAC01B01);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2452016101);陕西省引进博士资助经费(A279021836)资助。

摘　　要：建植紫花苜蓿人工草地是黄土高原植被恢复的重要措施之一。土壤微生物和线虫群落特征是评价和调控植被恢复的生态环境效应的重要依据。本研究在宁夏南部山区选取不同种植年限(1、2、6和12年)的紫花苜蓿人工草地为研究样地,以农田和天然草地作为对照,探索黄土高原人工草地植被恢复过程中土壤微生物和线虫群落的演变规律及其影响因素。结果表明:1)种植苜蓿显著提高了土壤细菌群落的Chao1、ACE和Shannon多样性指数,并在种植苜蓿后第6年达到最高,但在种植6年和12年后真菌群落多样性降低;随着苜蓿种植年限的增加,真菌群落组成从农田逐渐向天然草地方向演变;2)土壤线虫数量与细菌群落多样性的变化趋势相同,在种植苜蓿后第6年出现峰值,该时期线虫群落结构组成与农田较相似,苜蓿12年样地则更接近天然草地;随着苜蓿种植年限的增加,食细菌线虫、植食性线虫比例总体呈上升趋势,食真菌线虫、杂食/捕食线虫比例呈下降趋势,土壤成熟度指数(MI)逐渐减小,植物寄生线虫指数(PPI)和线虫通路指数(NCR)则不断增大;3)在苜蓿人工草地植被恢复过程中,土壤有机碳、全氮和速效磷对土壤微生物群落结构影响较大,并进一步影响线虫群落结构;细菌和真菌群落优势类群和多样性与线虫的不同营养类群及生态指数之间存在密切联系,表明微生物群落结构与多样性对线虫群落具有显著影响;在不同种植年限苜蓿草地中,植物的生物量与多样性的变化可能通过影响土壤微生物与线虫食物资源状况从而引起其群落特征的改变。The establishment of Medicago sativa artificial grasslands is an important practice of grassland vegetation restoration in the Loess Plateau.Understanding community characteristics of soil microbes and nematodes can provide important information for evaluating and controlling ecolo-gical and environmental effects of vegetation restoration.In this study,we used M.sativa artificial grasslands with four different cultivation years(1,2,6 and 12 years)in southern Ningxia mountainous region,with a farmland and a natural grassland as control,to explore changing trends of the two biological communities during artificial grassland restoration in semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau.The results showed that:1)After the conversion of farmland to M.sativa grassland,Chao1,ACE and Shannon diversity indices of soil bacterial community increased firstly and then decreased,which reached the maximum after six years of M.sativa grassland establishment.For soil fungal community,Shannon diversity index was lower in 6 and 12 year-old M.sativa grasslands than in the other two artificial grasslands,and the community composition differed across restoration years.2)With the increases of restoration years,the abundance of soil nematodes showed a similar changing trend with Shannon diversity index of bacterial community.The composition of nematode community did not greatly differ between the 6-year-old M.sativa grassland and farmland,while that in 12-year-old artificial grassland was more similar to that in natural grassland.The proportion of bacterivorous and plant-feeding nematodes,as well as plant parasitic index and nematode channel index of nematode community,were increased,while the proportion of fungivores and omnivores-predators and maturity index were decreased.3)During the restoration,changes in soil organic carbon,total nitrogen and available phosphorus greatly affected soil microbial community,which could further influence soil nematode community.There were significant correlations between dominant microbial phyla and trophic gr

关 键 词：种植年限 线虫群落 微生物群落 多样性指数 

分 类 号：S541.9[农业科学—作物学] S154